question

War of 1812

answer

War which West and South wanted, but Northeast did not; between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France

question

Oliver Hazard Perry

answer

Won a battle at Lake Erie and forced the British out of Detroit

question

William Henry Harrison

answer

His forces defeated the British at the Battle of the Thames

question

Battle of the Thames

answer

Harrison's troops defeated the British at this battle; Tecumseh was killed

question

Captain Thomas MacDonough

answer

Prevented British from invading New York

question

Bladensburg

answer

Brithish troops overran Americans and after this the British burnt down the capitol (Washignton D.C.)

question

Fort McHenry

answer

Where the British were stopped on their way to Baltimore

question

Battle of Horseshoe Bend

answer

Where Andrew Jackson defeated the Indians in Alabama

question

Battle of New Orleans

answer

Largest battle of the war, won by Jackson in January 1815

question

Treaty of Ghent

answer

was an armistice (a cease-fire) that ended the War of 1812

question

Hartford Convention

answer

New England's goal at the meeting was to decide what to do about the war

question

Rush-Bagot agreement

answer

between the U.S. and England limited both sides' naval power on the Great Lakes; treaty showed that England and the U.S. were getting along

question

Washington Irving

answer

Wrote Rumpelstiltskin and The Knickerbocker Tale

question

James Fenimore Cooper

answer

Wrote The Leatherstocking Tales which included The Last of the Mohicans

question

The American System

answer

an economic plan for the country: (B.T.T.) 1. Strong banking system. 2. Set up a protective tariff to boost American industry. 3. Build a strong transportation network of roads and canals.

question

Henry Clay

answer

Speaker of the House, who tiated the American System

question

Panic of 1819

answer

cause of this was over-speculation (buying too much on credit) in land; the West was hit the hardest

question

Cumberland Road

answer

Example of a better road; this one went to Illinois

question

Steamboat

answer

This invention made two-way river travel possible

question

Land Act of 1820

answer

allowed buyers to purchase 80 acres at $1.25 per acre (as a minimum)

question

Wildcat banks

answer

gave easy credit; these banks printed their own paper money then lent it out liberally to anyone wanting to buy land

question

Tallmadge Amendment

answer

limit slavery in Missouri: • no more slaves be allowed into Missouri • that slaves born to Missouri slave parents would gradually emancipated

question

Missouri Compromise

answer

• Missouri would be admitted as a slave state; Maine would be admitted as a free state • All new states north of the 36°30' line would be free, new states southward would be slave

question

McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819)

answer

The "Elastic Clause Case" Said that the Constitution had been written in more general terms rather than specific, and therefore could be interpreted.

question

Cohens vs. Virginia (1821)

answer

The "Lottery Case" Supreme Court showed it had the power to review state court decisions

question

Gibbons vs. Ogden (1824)

answer

The "Steamboat Case" The Constitution says that only Congress can regulate interstate trade

question

Fletcher vs. Peck (1810)

answer

The "Land Scam Contract Case" The Supreme Court said a contract is a contract and the Constitution says it can't be broken by state laws.

question

Dartmouth College vs. Woodward (1819)

answer

The "College Charter Case" The Supreme Court said the charter was a contract and, like Fletcher, states could not encroach on contracts

question

Treaty of 1818

answer

made with England about Canada border 1. The treaty drew a border line at 49° from Lake of the Woods (MN) westward to the Rocky Mountains. 2. The prosperous fishing waters of Newfoundland would be shared. 3. For the time, Oregon would be jointly occupied. and over the Canada border

question

Florida Purchase Treaty

answer

made with Spain • America paid $5 million and got Florida • Spain gave up a claim to Oregon and America gave up a claim to Texas • the southern limit of Oregon was set at 42° latitude.

question

George Canning

answer

offered a deal the American minister in London: proposed the U.S. and England make a statement they'd not grab any Latin American land

question

Monroe Doctrine

answer

• European non-colonization of the Americas and non-intervention • It was a "KEEP OUT" sign.

question

Russo-American Treaty (of 1824)

answer

set the southern boundary of Russian land at 54° 40'

question

land butchery

answer

when a farmer would wear out a piece of land, then just move on to find more

question

Kentucky bluegrass

answer

This began to thrive after settlers burnt off the tall cane grass

question

nativists

answer

those born in America and were opposed to immigrants

question

potato famine

answer

resulted in 2 million Irish dieing

question

temperance movement

answer

movement to ban alcohol

question

Industrial Revolution

answer

time when machines and factories began to replace handmade products

question

Samuel Slater

answer

textile worker in England who memorized the plans of the factory so he could build one in America

question

Moses Brown

answer

financially backed Samuel Slater

question

Eli Whitney

answer

invented the cotton gin which separated the fiber from the seed (1793)

question

Tariff of 1816

answer

"protective tariff" (one to boost foreign goods and therefore make American goods look cheaper)

question

interchangeable part

answer

machine-made components of anything could simply be swapped out if one broke

question

Elias Howe and Isaac Singer

answer

invented the sewing machine

question

limited liability corporation

answer

companies ensured that if the company went bad, an investor could lose only what he'd invested (not everything he owned)

question

Samuel Morse

answer

invented the telegraph

question

Lowell, Massachusetts

answer

well-known as employing young women to work in its textile factories

question

Catharine Beecher

answer

leading proponent who pushed for women to enter teaching

question

John Deere

answer

invented the steel plow

question

Cyrus McCormick

answer

invented the mechanical mower-reaper

question

Lancaster Turnpike

answer

(a hard-surfaced highway) went from Philadelphia to Lancaster, PA

question

Cumberland Road (National Road)

answer

went from Maryland all the way to Illinois

question

Robert Fulton

answer

credited with building the first steamboat, the Clermont (1807)

question

Erie Canal

answer

The granddaddy of canals

question

Dewitt Clinton

answer

headed up Erie Canal and built using only state money

question

Cyrus Fields

answer

laid a telegraph wire across the Atlantic Ocean

question

clipper ships

answer

ships that were used to haul cargo to foreign nations

question

Pony Express

answer

carried mail from Missouri to California

question

transportation (revolution)

answer

revolution where people wanted to link the West with the rest of the nation

question

division of labor

answer

The North: manufacturing The South: cotton for export The West: grain and livestock

question

Roger Taney

answer

said that "the rights of a community" were greater than a corporate contract

question

overall standard of living

answer

rose during this time period

question

George Caitlin

answer

student and painter of Native American life who was among the first advocates for the preservation of nature; proposed the creating of a national park

question

Carl Schurz

answer

a relentless foe of slavery and public corruption

question

German Influence (on American Culture)

answer

• Conestoga wagon • Kentucky rifle • Christmas tree • Kindergarten

question

Alexis de Tocqueville

answer

The church-going nature of America was noted by this French observer Also noted that rape in America was punishable by death, whereas in his home of France it was usually overlooked

question

Deism

answer

sprang out of the Enlightenment (AKA "Age of Reason") and was based on scientific or logical reasoning rather than faith

question

Unitarian

answer

religion drew followers even farther away from Christianity • Believed God existed in 1 person ("uni"), but not in the Holy Trinity. • Rejected the divinity of Christ. • Believed people were essentially good at heart, not born under "original sin." • Believed people were saved through "good works", not through faith in Christ. • Attracted intellectual types, notably Ralph Waldo Emerson

question

Millerites

answer

• aka Adventists • predicted Christ's return on October 22, 1844 • When this prophesy failed to materialize, the movement lost credibility

question

Joseph Smith

answer

claimed to have found golden tablets in NY with the Book of Mormon inscribed on them

question

Brigham Young

answer

took over and led the Mormons along the "Mormon Trail" to Utah after Joseph Smith was killed

question

Horace Mann

answer

• known as the "Father of Public Education" • pushed for free compulsory education and education

question

Noah Webster

answer

Blueback Speller and dictionary

question

William H. McGuffey

answer

wrote the McGuffey's Reader

question

University of North Carolina

answer

first state-supported university

question

Dorothea Dix

answer

sought and got improved treatment for the mentally insane

question

American Peace Society

answer

Pacifists led by William Ladd

question

American Temperance Society

answer

• founded in Boston, 1826 • used a variety of methods to encourage temperance (discourage drinking)

question

Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell

answer

became the first female doctor

question

Margaret Fuller

answer

edited a transcendentalist journal

question

Grimke sisters

answer

Sisters who pushed for the abolition of slavery

question

Seneca Falls Women's Rights Convention (1848)

answer

• It wrote a "Declaration of Sentiments" arguing that "all men and women were created equal" • It demanded female suffrage • Neither of these things happened anytime soon, but the women's rights movement was born

question

Robert Owen

answer

started New Harmony, Indiana (1825)

question

Brook Farm

answer

• Started in Massachusetts (1841) • It attracted Transcendentalist intellectuals

question

Oneida Community

answer

was communal and embraced free love, birth control, and selecting parents to have planned children

question

Shakers

answer

• were begun by Mother Ann Lee as a religious sect • stressed simplicity in their lives and separated the sexes

question

Thomas Jefferson

answer

invented a new and better plow

question

Nathaniel Bowditch

answer

wrote on navigation

question

Matthew Maury

answer

studied the ocean winds and currents

question

Benjamin Silliman

answer

Yale chemist and geologist for 50+ years

question

Louis Agassiz

answer

Harvard biologist who stressed original research over rote memorization

question

Asa Gray

answer

Harvard botanist and was a pioneer of botany

question

John Audubon

answer

early naturalist who painted birds with precise details

question

Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes

answer

said that if all the medicines were thrown into the sea, the people would be better off and the fish worse

question

Gilbert Stuart

answer

painted many portraits of George Washington

question

John Trumbull

answer

painted scenes of the Revolutionary War

question

Corrupt Bargain

answer

• Election of 1824 • Henry Clay supported Adams and swayed house vote • Adams won and appoined Clay as Secretary of State • Appeared as if Adams bribed Clay with position of Sec. of State

question

universal white male suffrage

answer

all white men could vote

question

John Quincy Adams

answer

• President (1824-1828) • Puritanical Yankee • Pushed nationalist programs to build: (a) roads and canals (b) a national university (c) a national observatory

question

Old Hickory

answer

Nickname given to Andrew Jackson by his soldiers

question

Spoils System

answer

rewarded political party workers with government jobs

question

Samuel Swartwout

answer

was put in charge of the customs duties at the port of New York and later ran off with over $1 million

question

Tariff of Abominations

answer

Tariff passed by Congress in 1828 that favored manufacturing in the North and was hated by the South

question

Denmark Vesey

answer

free black who led a slave rebellion in Charleston, SC in 1822

question

South Carolina Exposition

answer

took the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions to the next level; said that the states could nullify the tariff

question

Tariff of 1832

answer

removed the worst parts of the Tariff of 1828 (AKA Tariff of Abominations)

question

Force Bill

answer

authorizing the president to use force if necessary to collect the tariff

question

The Trail of Tears

answer

The forced movement of Cherokee Indians in 1838 to the land west of Mississippi River forced by the U.S. Army; it lasted 116 days and was 1,000 miles long, many Indians died along the way

question

Sequoyah

answer

devised a Cherokee alphabet so they could write

question

Five Civilized Tribes

answer

Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole

question

Society for Progating the Gospel Among the Indians

answer

example of an attempt to assimilate Indians into white society

question

Jackson's Policy on Indians

answer

Indians and whites couldn't live together peacefully so the Indians were to be removed to the West

question

Indian Territory

answer

Oklahoma

question

hard money

answer

actual metal money

question

soft money

answer

paper money

question

Nicholas Biddle

answer

President of Bank of United States who carried out bank policies of (a) coining hard money and (b) cracking down on western "wildcat banks" by calling in loans

question

pet banks

answer

another name for wildcat banks

question

Whig Party

answer

Political Party: • Disliked Andrew Jackson • Liked Henry Clay's American System

question

Martin Van Buren

answer

won the election of 1836

question

Panic of 1837

answer

Second economic downturn of the 1800s Caused by: • Over-speculation, especially in land • Jackson's bank policies and resultant chaos • Jackson's "specie circular" • Failure of crops • Failure of two major banks in England

question

Divorce Bill

answer

the government should separate itself from banking altogether

question

Stephen Austin

answer

led the "Old 300" families into Texas with the conditions that (1) they must become Mexican citizens, (2) they must become Catholic, and (3) no slavery was allowed

question

Lone Star Republic

answer

nickname for Texas after it won independence from Mexico in 1836

question

Battle of the Alamo

answer

1836 attack on the a mission in San Antonio by Mexican forces during the Texas revolution

question

Sam Houston

answer

Texas President who led his troops to the Battle of San Jacinto

question

Battle of San Jacinto

answer

(1836) Final battle of the Texas Revolution; resulted in the defeat of the Mexican army and independence for Texas

question

slavocracy

answer

Term the North used to describe the Slaveholding South and its "schemes" to gain more slave-land.

question

New Democracy

answer

new fashion of governement; common white man's government - all white men could vote; belief in power to the people

question

Political Parties of 1840

answer

The Democrats were the common man's party. The Whigs were the upper class's party.

question

2nd Bank of the United States

answer

It was a federal establishment operated by the governmentas an attempt to save the welfare of the economy after the War of 1812

question

Democratic-Republican Party

answer

Political party founded in the early 1790s by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison

question

Federalist Party

answer

American political party in the period 1792 to 1816; formed by Alexander Hamilton

question

War Hawks

answer

Young members of Congress who wanted to go to war

question

Stump Speaking

answer

when political candidates campaigning from town to town would stand upon a sawed off tree stump to deliver a speech

question

Cotton Gin

answer

a machine that quickly and easily separates the cotton fibers from the seeds; invented by Eli Whitney

question

Cumberland Gap

answer

a pass through the Cumberland Region of the Appalacian Mountains between Virginia and Kentucky that early settlers used in order to move west

question

Utopianism

answer

the political orientation of a person who believes in impossibly idealistic schemes social perfection

question

Romanticism

answer

a movement in literature and art that celebrated nature rather than civilization

question

John Humphrey Noyes

answer

founded the Oneida Community

question

Communitarian Movement

answer

A social and political movement of academics

question

The Second Great Awakening

answer

Wave of religious revivals around 1800 that encouraged a culture of evangelicalism responsible for an upswing in prison reform, the temperance cause, the feminist movement, and abolition.

question

The Amistad Incident

answer

53 Africans were kidnapped from West Africa and sold into the transatlantic slave trade; they were then purchased illegally by Spanish planters Jose Ruiz and Pedro Montez

question

Emma Willard

answer

• Early supporter of women's education, in 1818 • She opened her own girls' school, the Troy Female Seminary in 1821

question

Susan B. Anthony

answer

prominent American civil rights leader who played a pivotal role in the 19th century women's rights movement to introduce women's suffrage into the United States

question

William Cullen Bryant

answer

wrote poetry including "Thanatopsis."

question

Henry David Thoreau

answer

• spent two years living in the woods off of nothing but what he could make, grow, or trade for • wrote the classic Walden: Or Life in the Woods

question

Ralph Waldo Emerson

answer

• most famous Transcendentalist • former Unitarian pastor turned writer and lyceum speaker • most famous writing/speech was Self Reliance which stressed individualism • Transcendentalist with the credentials, success, and the "big name"

question

Walt Whitman

answer

• poet who wrote Leaves of Grass • encouraged people to live their lives to the fullest

question

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

answer

immensely popular poet with "Evangeline," "The Tales of Hiawatha," and "The Courtship of Miles Standish."

question

John Greenleaf Whittier

answer

wrote poems that barked against social injustice like slavery

question

James Russell Lowell

answer

similarly wrote satirical poetry that criticized social wrongs, such as Biglow Papers

question

Louisa May Alcott

answer

grew up in Transcendentalist Concord, Mass. and wrote Little Women

question

Emily Dickinson

answer

wrote love poems, also in Massachusetts

question

William Gillmore Simms

answer

"the Cooper of the South;" wrote of southern life during the American Revolution

question

Edgar Allan Poe

answer

credited with inventing the "psychological thriller;" often dealt with the ghostly and the macabre

question

Nathaniel Hawthorne

answer

explored the idea of original sin wit works such as The House of Seven Gables and The Scarlet Letter

question

Herman Melville

answer

wrote Moby Dick, the allegorical tale of good vs. evil

question

George Bancroft

answer

helped found the Naval Academy in Annapolis, MD and his history of the U.S. earned him the title of "Father of American History."

question

William H. Prescott

answer

wrote histories detailing the conquests of Mexico and Peru

question

Francis Parkman

answer

wrote the history of England and France's struggle for control of North America

question

Election of 1828

answer

Jackson defeats John Quincy Adams in this election, becoming the 7th President

question

Election of 1832

answer

• Jackson vs Clay • Jackson wins • First time a third party was in an election, the Anti-Masonic party

question

hodgepodge

answer

Composed of a mixed mass of diverse elements or groups

question

mediation

answer

A friendly intervention, usually by consent, to settle differences between groups or nations

question

armistice

answer

A temporary stopping of warfare by mutual agreement, usually in preparation for an actual peace negotiation between the parties

question

nationalism

answer

A strong devotion to the nation as the central political entity, often in a narrow or aggressive fashion

question

reaction (reactionary)

answer

In politics, extreme conservatism, looking to restore the conditions of an earlier time

question

protection (protective)

answer

In economics, the policy of stimulating or preserving domestic producers by placing barriers against imported goods, often through high tariffs

question

raw materials

answer

Products in their natural, unmanufactured state

question

internal improvements

answer

The basic public works, such as roads and canals, that create the structure for economic development

question

intrastate

answer

Existing wholly within a state of the United States

question

depression

answer

In economics, a severe and often prolonged period of declining economic activity, rising unemployment, and falling wages and prices

question

boom

answer

In economics, period of sudden, spectacular expansion of business activity or prices

question

peculiar institution

answer

The institution of American black slavery

question

demagogic (demagogue)

answer

Concerning a leader who stirs up the common people by appeals to emotion and prejudice, often for selfish or irrational ends

question

contract

answer

In law, an agreement in which each of two or more parties agrees to perform some act in exchange for what the other party promises to do

question

Macon's Bill No. 2

answer

opened trade with Britain and France, said if either nation repealed its restrictions on neutral shipping the US would halt trade with the other; plan didn't work

Test Answers on APUSH Unit 4 Review

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards