APUSH: The Era of Good Feelings (1817-1825) – Flashcards
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election of 1816
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James Monroe (democratic - republican) Rufus King (federalist) James Monroe wins last election featuring a federalist party
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era of good feelings
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8 years of James Monroe's presidency nationalism one political party (democratic republicans) economic boom Indian resistance moved east of the Mississippi
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Henry Clay's American System
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25% tariff on imported goods internal improvements such as roads and canals recharter of the bank of the U.S.
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Panic of 1819
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economic downturn banks gave out too much easy credit -----> wild speculation
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Dartmouth vs. Woodward
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New Hampshire wanted to make Dartmouth a state (public) school private due to charter result: remains private
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McCullough vs Maryland (1819)
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Maryland wanted to tax a branch of bank of the U.S. supreme court ruled that bank couldn't be taxed
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Gibbons vs. Oregon (1823)
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monopoly on waterborne commerce to private business New York ruled that only the federal government can regulate interstate commerce
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Missouri Compromise (1819-1821)
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- background: gradual emancipation plan northern states abolished slavery equal number of states originally 11-11 Missouri and maine apply to become states Missouri wants to be a slave state issue set bad president for Louisiana Territory - Clay Compromise -Long term effects: sectionalism
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Clay Compromise
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Maine becomes free state Missouri becomes slave state no slavery above the 36/30 line
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sectionalism
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pride and loyalty towards one's country especially in the south
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Rush- Bagot Agreement (1817)
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limits the number of ships the US and Britain had on the Great Lakes
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Convention of 1818
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49th parallel: rocky mountains to great lakes Oregon joint between US and Britain for 10 years dispute over US- British Canada border
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Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)
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Seminoles help slaves escape to Florida Andrew Jackson sent by Monroe for protection John Quincy Adams meets with Spaniards who give up Florida Jackson ordered not to go into Florida but goes in and takes 3/4 of Florida and the British fort eastern Texas given to Spaniards Spain stopped claiming Oregon
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Monroe Doctrine (December 1823)
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-background: British interest on south American land lost by spain British want to make alliances with US to keep foreign powers out of Latin America - main events: speech by Monroe to congress Western hemisphere cannot be colonized threat to peace and safety of the united states US won't interfere with European colonies or affairs - effects: showed that US is now a world power
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Election of 1824
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-Candidates: John C Calhoun: VP, pulled out Daniel Webster: pulled out John Quincy Adams: internal improvements Henry Clay: American system an internal improvements William Crawford: states rights Andrew Jackson: common man -results: Jackson won popular and electoral vote but didn't get majority vote went to the House who voted in Adams clay is Speaker of the House state Adams makes Clay secretary of "corrupt bargain"
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Adam's Presidency (1825-1829)
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Tariff of Abominations South Carolina Exposition and Protest (1828) election of 1828
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Tariff of Abominations
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southern name for tariff raised up to 50% purpose: northern manufacturers make a lot of money
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South Carolina Exposition and Protest (1828)
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John C. Calhoun: VP writes it on his break claimed Act was null and void (unconstitutional) "states can declare act null and void" effects: nullification crisis
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Nullification Crisis of the 1830's
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south Carolina no longer collects tax
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election of 1828
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Democratic Republican party splits National Republicans: Adams Democrats: Jackson mudslinging/personal attacks Jackson won
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expansion of electorate and democracy
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electorate voting public states dropped the property qualifications for voting (white males 21 and over) by 1820's
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Jacksonian Philosophy
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help the common man reduce size of federal gov States rights spoils system kitchen cabinet rotation in office
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spoils system
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Patronage "to the victor goes the spoils" gov jobs to loyal supporters began with Jackson
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kitchen cabinet
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group of unofficial advisers to the president newspaper editors and frontiersman
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rotation in office
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periodic replacement of office holders to prevent corruption
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Maysville Road Bill ; Veto
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road built between Maysville and Lexington, Kentucky helped transportation in the west needed federal funds for project Jackson vetoed it due to Henry Clay said federal funds can't be used for local projects
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Nullification Crisis
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Webster-Haynes debate doctrine of Nullification Peggy eaton affair Calhoun resigns Compromise tariff Force bill south caroline backs down tariff lowered 25% over 9 year period
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Webster-Haynes debate
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Daniel Webster (Mass) Robert Hayne (South Carolina) national power bs. states rights
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Doctrine of Nullification
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States don't have to abide by a law that is unconstitutional
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Peggy Eaton affair
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Peggy O Neal Timberlake's family tavern John Henry Eaton: secretary of war married Florida Calhoun spreads rumors -----> shunned Eaton complains to Jackson Jackson & Calhoun argue
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Jefferson Day Dinner
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Jackson vs. Calhoun (resigns)
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Compromise Tariff (1833)
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Discussed lowering tariff rates
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Force Bill (1833)
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Gave president the right to use force to collect tariffs in South Carolina
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Indian Removal Act of 1830
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wanted more land for gold Jackson moves them for their "peace & safety" Indian tribes east of Mississippi relocate west into Indian territory
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5 civilized tribes
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Chickasaws Choctaws Cherokees Seminoles Sacs & Foxes refused to love until 5 years after act
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Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia (1831)
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"Prolonged occupancy" Cherokee represented by Americans sympathetic to their cause Supreme Court ruled in favor of Cherokee
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Worchester vs. Georgia (1832)
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"Separate and distinct community" Supreme Court said they couldn't be moved Jackson says Georgia should remove them with military assistance
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Treat of New Echota
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treaty with Cherokee would be paid $5.6 mil for safe passage to Indian Territory
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Native American resistance
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Blackhawks war (1832) Second Seminole war (1835-42)
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Black Hawk War (1832)
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Sauk and Fox located in Illonois and Iowa famine in Iowa Lincoln and Davis involved
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Second Seminole war (1835-42)
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Osceola Guerrilla Warfare
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Election of 1832
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Antimasonic party The Morgan affair National convention concept Andrew Jackson: democratic Henry clay: National Republican William Wirt: antimasonic Jackson easily won
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Antimasonic party
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First third party Freemasonsery: secret society
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The Morgan affair
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Captain William Morgan broke free from freemasons exposed them disappeared and believed to be killed
