APUSH STUDY NOTES – Flashcards
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13th Amendment
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1865. Abraham Lincoln, slavery, Constitutional Amendment, Abolish slavery
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14th amendment
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1868. Ulysses S. Grant, unequal rights, constitutional amendment. Equal Protection Clause-state must protect right of all citizens.
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15th amendment
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1870. Ulysses S. Grant. Disenfranchisement of african-americans. Constitonal amendment. Can not prevent anyone from voting based on race or color
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24th amendment
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1963. LBJ. There was a tax for voting. Poll tax. Eliminated poll tax. More people could vote.
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19th amendment
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1920. Guarantees all American women the right to vote
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Brown vs. Board of Education
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1954. NAACP, Thurgood Marshall, & Oliver Brown. Segregation of schools. Court case. Ended "separate but equal" practices based upon 14th amendment.
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NAACP
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1909. W.E.B. Dubois, Ida B. Wells. Lack of equal rights and voting rights for African Americans. Formation of an African-American Civil Rights group. Civil Rights group to promote voter mobilization and monitoring equal opportunity in the public and private sectors.
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Plessy vs. Ferguson
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1896. Homer Plessy. Segregation on Railroad cars. Nonviolent protest, rode RR car. "Separate but equal" facilities are constitutional.
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Jim Crow Laws
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1876-1965. Southern State Governments. Segregation of Public facilities in the South. Victory for segregationist.
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Disenfranchisement of th African Americans
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1870-1964. Southern State Governments. Literacy Tests, Poll taxes, Grandfather clauses. Victory for segregationist.
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Civil Rights act of 1964
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LBJ. 1964. separate but equal. Made it illegal to be separate. Desegregation.
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March on Washington
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Aug. 1963. MLK&200,000 blacks and whites. Segregation. I Have A Dream. Spoke out for civil rights.
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Birmingham, AL
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1963. MLK. One of the racists cities. Letter from Birmingham. Protest for the civil rights.
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Freedom Riders
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May 1961. Black protestors. Bus segregation. Rode on interstate buses into segregated U.S. Ended bus segregation; bomb attacks.
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First African-American enter all White College(University of Mississippi)
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Oct. 1962. James Meredith. Intergrated schools. Wanted to enroll at university of Mississippi. Desegregated schools.
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Sit-ins "Greensboro 4"
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Feb. 1960. Student Non-violent coordinating committee. Public places were still segregated. Act of civil disobedience by college students. Public places started to become desegregated.
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Little Rock, Arkansas "Little Rock 9"
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1957. 9 A.A. Students enrolled in Little Rock Central HS. Schools were still racist. Little Rock Crisis. Desegregate schools.
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Montgomery, AL Bus Boycott
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Dec. 1955-1956. Rosa Parks. Africans had to sit in the back of the bus. She was arrested for not moving. Helped push for civil rights.
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Emmet Till
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Aug. 1955. Caroline&Roy Bryant, JW Milliam. Racism. Homicide. Pivotal catalyst for civil rights movement.
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March of Selma
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1965. MLK. They were stripped of their voting rights. Africans marched from Selma to Montgomery. Voting Rights Acts of 1965.
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Voting Rights Act of 1965
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1965. LBJ. March of Selma, Africans didn't have voting rights. March of Selma, groups who protested for this act. More voters rights for all.
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Earl Warren
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An American jurist and politician, who served as the 30th governor of California and later the 14th Chief Justice of the U. S. He greatly impacted the judicial system and modern civil rights. Through his efforts, the unanimous decision of Brown v Board passed. That school segregation was unconstitutional. Warren court decisions furthered racial equality and were the catalyst for the civil rights protests. Also equality in criminal justice.
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Gideon v. Wainwright
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Supreme Court ruled that states had to grant legal counsel to defendants who couldn't afford their own legal counsel through the 6th amendment. Ended discrimination against the poor in court.
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Miranda v. Arizona
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Formed process of Miranda rights.
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Malcolm X
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Pro violent protest. Promoted for black supremacy. Challenged mainstream civil rights movement. Wrote a book, "the autobiography of Malcolm X"
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Dwight D. Eisenhower
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Signed Civil Rights Act of 1957.
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Thurgood Marshall
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Civil Rights Activists, Supreme Court Justice, judge, lawyer. Won Brown v. Board of education case.
