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Election of 1800

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Jefferson (Democrat-Republican) defeats John Adams (Federalist) and becomes president with VP Aaron Burr.

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Jefferson and Bank/Jefferson and Federalists

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Jefferson does not like the bank at all because it is a private establishment that helps the rich and supports the Federalist platform for an elitist republic, rather than his own Democrat-Republican ideal of the democracy of the common people.

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Aaron Burr

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TJ's VP, pretty shady character. Tried to convince New England to secede from the Union once, and eventually killed Hamilton in a duel.

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Napoleon and the Louisiana Purchase

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While Napoleon was conquering Europe, he realized that he could not support an Overseas colony, so he sold the entire Louisiana territory to TJ for 15 million, about 3 cents per acre, even though this goes against TJ's ideal of strict constructionism.

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Lewis and Clark

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explorers who were hired to chart out the new Louisiana territory. The made the way for the later Oregon trail and eventually made it to the American coast on the Pacific ocean, setting the precedent for Manifest Destiny.

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Marbury vs. Madison

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Supreme Court case in which John Marshall sets the precedent for the supreme court power of judicial review.

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Judicial Impeachments

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an impeachment is the process by which a federal official is accused of a crime and is removed from office.

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Barbary Pirates

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Pirates who operated off the North African coast, disrupting American trade with Europe.

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Threats to U.S. Neutrality

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-Disruption of trade routes by France and England -Party views on foreign affairs -France and England try to get us involved with the other -Chesapeake Incident

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Chesapeake Incident

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A British frigate fires at an American frigate (the Chesapeake), killing American sailors.

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Embargo Act

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Thomas Jefferson's law that forbade any trade with foreign countries; ended up hurting America the most.

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Election of 1808

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James Madison defeats Charles Cotesworth Pinckney and continues the Virginia dynasty.

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Non Intercourse Act

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Passed in 1809, allows trade with all countries except for France and Britain.

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War Hawks

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A party that supported war against the British, mainly composed of rowdy frontiersman.

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Tippicanoe/Tecumseh

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Tecumseh was the leader of the Shawnee confederacy that was guided into war by The Prophet and was completely defeated by William Henry Harrison at Tippicanoe.

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William Henry Harrison

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American General who won at Tippicanoe and would later serve as the ninth president of the US.

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Impressment

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American sailors were kidnapped and forced to serve in rival navies, typically by the British.

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Invasion of Canada

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America launched a three-pronged invasion on Canada during the War of 1812. Hull surrenders and basically the invasion is a giant failure.

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Burning of Washington

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In 1814, the British burn the Capitol and the White House as part of the war of 1812. Dolly Madison becomes famous.

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New Orleans

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A very, very important port city in the Louisiana territory. Jackson wins a huge victory here, but only after the war is over.

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Treaty of Ghent

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Signed in 1814 in Ghent, Belgium. It ended the war and officially declared that the war changed no territorial boundaries.

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Results of War of 1812

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No territory or major political changes occur. The only real changes is that the Indians are no longer feared by the Americans, and the British no longer see the need to create a buffer state.

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Hartford Convention

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Federalists meet in Hartford, CN. Secession is proposed and dismissed. More moderate delegates discuss the overturning of the 3/5 compromise and the Embargo Act of 1807, as well as air their grievances over the Louisiana Purchase.

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Era of Good Feelings

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The nationalism of this period began at the "victory" of the war of 1812. It grew through the one-party system (no more federalist party), Clay's American System, Marshall's court decisions that provided federal power, and Jackson's victory at New Orleans. The Missouri compromise and Panic of 1819 led to its decline.

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Economic Nationalism

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Huge period of economic prosperity leads to nationalism

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James Monroe

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President whose reign marks the Era of Good Feelings, known for his "Monroe Doctrine" as well as being the last President of the Virginia dynasty.

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American System

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Clay's system that involved the building of roads and canals across the country, as well as a protective tariff to foster industrialism, funding for national defense, and the reestablishment of the National Bank.

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Erie Canal

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a canal that connected the Great Lakes with the Hudson River, and by extension, the Atlantic Ocean. Major improvement for shipping.

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Panic of 1819

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The price of American cotton suddenly plummets in England sets off a decline in the demand for American goods. Langdon Cleaves forces the national bank to fix its practices.

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Marshall's Judicial Nationalism (Cases)

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-Marbury v. Madison established judicial review -Fletcher v. Peck allows the court to void state laws -Martin v. Hunter's Lessee expands judicial review to state laws -McCulloch v. Maryland prevents states from taxing the gov't -Dartmouth v. Woodward prevents states from breaking contracts -Gibbons v. Ogden gives congress power over interstate commerce

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Causes of Westward Expansion

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-Cheap land (minimum 80 acres in 1820, about $1 per acre) -Agricultural expenses -Preemption Laws passed -The American Dream

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Missouri Compromise

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Clay's plan that set the 3630 line. Any admitted state above becomes free, any below becomes slave. Pushes sectionalism.

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Tallmadge Amendment

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Failed amendment that would have emancipated Missouri (a slave state) within one or two generations.

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Rush Bagot Treaty

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Treaty between US and Britian that demilitarizes the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain.

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Treaty of 1818

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Moves the boundary of Canada northward, away from the Mississippi river to a new line, as well as cedes a small portion to Britain.

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Jackson and Florida

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Jackson advances into Florida in 1818 and basically secures Florida for the US while the Spanish Army is in Mexico

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Florida Purchase

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We give Spain some money for basically stealing Florida from them.

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Monroe Doctrine

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It stated that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression, requiring U.S. intervention. The US did not have the military power to enforce this, but Britain did and would.

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National or Cumberland Road

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The first national road that connected the Potomac and Ohio rivers, construction began in 1811.

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Steamboats

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First boats that could sail against river currents through the use of steam-powered paddles. Greatly enhanced commerce on rivers.

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Corrupt Bargain

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Although Henry Clay was eliminated in the election of 1824 before it went to the house, he was currently Speaker and basically got to choose who would be president. He chose JQA over Jackson and Jackson got mad.

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"Common Man"

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The non-wealthy American who works for a living and owns modest property.

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Universal Male Suffrage

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All white men could vote, regardless of property ownership.

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Nominating Conventions

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A convention that gathered to chose a nominee to run for a position.

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Tariff of Abominations

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The Tariff of 1828 that protected Northern Industry at the cost of hurting the south's Antebellum economy and monopoly on natural resources.

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John C. Calhoun.

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Jackson's VP who eventually resigned over the fact that he supported South Carolina's nullification of the Tariff of 1828.

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Nullification Crisis

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SC declares the federal tariffs to be unconstitutional and nullifies them within the state. This creates increased sectionalism in the country.

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SC Exposition and Protest

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John C. Calhoun's deposition of the federal tariff that supported SC's nullification, as he was against raising the tariff, as it promoted sectionalism and hurt the South.

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Peggy Eaton "Petticoat Affair"

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Peggy Eaton married Eaton, the secretary of war (or whatever he was), before her husband was officially declared dead. Floride Calhoun (and the Floridites) led a campaign to remove her from Washington, that became a huge scandal under the Jackson administration.

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Bank Veto

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Andrew Jackson (in 1832) vetoes a bill that would renew the charter for the national bank, canceling its renewal.

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Spoils System (aka rotation in office)

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Government jobs are given to those loyal to you, not those who are qualified for the job. Jackson said it is good to rotate who is in which job.

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Kitchen Cabinet

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Jackson's group of unofficial advisors consisting of newspaper editors and Democratic leaders that met to discuss current issues.

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Maysville Road Veto

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Jackson said that the Maysville Road could not be built with federal funding as it only ran in one state, making it a one state issue, not a federal issue.

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Nicholas Biddler

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The head of the national bank during the Jackson administration, called "Czar Nicholas" due to all of the power that he wielded.

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Specie Circular

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Jackson's law that said land in the west could only be bought with money backed by gold or silver ("Hard cash")

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Party Nominating Convetions

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The group within a party than would nominate the candidate to run for office and represent that party.

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Log Cabin and Hard Cider Campaign

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The campaign that began the tradition of the President trying to appear as close to the "common man" as possible in order to win votes.

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Two Party System

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A two-party system is a form of party system where two major political parties dominate voting in nearly all elections, at every level. As a result, all, or nearly all, elected offices end up being held by candidates endorsed by one of the two major parties.

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Anti-Masonites

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A political party formed only to oppose the Freemasons. All Presidents so far had been Freemasons, and this party wanted to stop that trend.

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Presidential Powers

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the powers of the executive branch were expounded largely by the Jackson administration.

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Worcester v. Georgia

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Case that Jackson used to advance executive power. Marshall says that Native American tribes are sovereign, Jackson responds "Marshall has made his decision, let him enforce it."

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Indian Removal Act

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Authorized the President to negotiate with the Indians for their removal to Western territory.

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Trail of Tears

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March that the Cherokee are forced to make from their home in Georgia to Oklahoma. Thousands die along the way.

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Panic of 1837/Martin Van Buren

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Panic of 1837 was a depression caused when Jackson ruined the federal bank. Martin Van Buren was the President after Jackson who tried and failed to clean up this economic mess.

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"King Andrew the First"

answer

A political cartoon and phrase that referred to Jackson basically being an autocratic president and expanding presidential power.

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