APUSH – Period 2 Study Guide – Flashcards

A form of Puritans that wanted to separate from the Church of England. - They emigrated to the Americas on the Mayflower for safe haven, after negotiating rights with the Virginia company.

A religious group who wanted to break from Rome and purify the Anglican church of all catholic rituals. They came to America for religious freedom and settled in the Massachusetts Bay area.

A document that gives the holder the right to organize settlements in an area.

- Founded by John Calvin Calvinists believed that everyone was predestined for heaven or hell. Those who did good acts, were predestined for heaven. They believed in representative government and the separation of church and state.

Egalitarian, religious dissenters who did not pay taxes to the church of England and worshiped without priests. - form of Protestantism - preached a doctrine of pacificism, inner divinity, and social equity, under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania

Year: 1492 What happened: Christoper Columbus set out to find an easier and quicker route to the East, funded by the king and queen of Spain, so he sailed out and discovered America on his way. - Ran into Native Americas (rocky relationship)

Invasion Year: 1519 Who: Hernando Cortes was a Spanish conquistador who went to the West Indies in 1504. In 1519, Cortes established Veracruz, the first Spanish colony in Mexico. By 1521, he had conquered the Aztec empire using horses, gunpowder, and steel weapons. Invasion: led expedition of 600 to coast of Mexico in 1519 in order to colonies the Aztec Empire

Established: 1607 In the Virginia Colony, was founded on May 14, 1607. It is commonly regarded as the first permanent English settlement in what is now the United States, following several earlier failed attempts. It was founded by Captain John Smith. It became the first capital of the Colony for 92 years, until 1699, when it was relocated to Williamsburg - Colonized for gold. Had success with tobacco.

Year: 1619 - Africans were brought to Jamestown, VA to help with crop growing such as tobacco - Started as indecntured servants, became known as Slavery

Year: 1619 Female indentures servants were usually maids. They took care of the household chores, unlike the men who took care of the labor. - Bad conditions essentially! (black females were sometimes raped by the white men)

Year: 1620 - The first document of Plymouth Colony! Drafted by the Pilgrims who crossed the Atlantic on the Mayflower. It declared that the 41 males who signed it agreed to accept majority rule and participate in a government in the best interest of all members of the colony. Set the precedent for later documents.

Year: 1662 A Puritan church document; In 1662, the Halfway Covenant allowed partial membership rights to persons not yet converted into the Puritan church; It lessened the difference between the members of the church and the regular members; Women soon made up a larger portion of Puritan congregations.

Year: 1689 - Overthrow of King James II. established William and Mary as the new leaders. - The Revolution allowed colonists to receive their rights, but Parliament decided that every person under the rule of England was to be virtually represented

Year: 1692 Several accusations of witchcraft led to sensational trials in Salem, Massachusetts at which Cotton Mather presided as the chief judge. 18 people were hanged as witches. Afterwards, most of the people involved admitted that the trials and executions had been a terrible mistake.

Year 1735 John Peter Zenger criticized NY's governor in a newspaper and was brought to trial. His lawyer proved that it had been true. The jury chose to ignore English law and acquitted him. This act encouraged freedom of the press in the colonies.

1730s-1740s It was a revival of religious importance in the 17th century. It undermined older clergy, created schisms, increased compositeness of churches, and encouraged missionary work, led to the founding new schools. It was first spontaneous movement of the American people (broke sectional boundaries and denominational lines).

Year: 1754 A conference in the United States Colonial history form June 19 through July 11, 1754 in Albany New York. - In response to French threat on their western frontiers, delegates from 7 colonies gathered to discuss 2 goals: 1) to persuade Iroquois to abandon traditional neutrality and 2) to coordinate defenses of colonies

1754-1763 a war fought by French and English on American soil over control of the Ohio River Valley-- English defeated French in 1763. Historical Significance: established England as number one world power and began to gradually change attitudes of the colonists toward England for the worse.

Published: 1776 A pamphlet published in January 1776, exhorting Americans to rise in opposition to the British government and establish a new government based on Enlightenment ideals. Historians have cited the publication of this pamphlet as the event that finally sparked the Revolutionary War.

Year: 1741 A sermon written by Jonathan Edwards (a puritan pastor) about God being angry and condemning non-Christians to Hell. This sermon also expressed the danger of being a non-believer and going to hell. Furthermore, only God's mercy is keeping the non-believers from their damnation. But God at any time can let the non-believers sink into the fiery pits of Hell.

(1580-June 21, 1631) was an English soldier, sailor, and author. He is remembered for his role in establishing the first permanent English settlement in North America at Jamestown, Virginia, and his brief association with the Native American girl Pocahontas during an altercation with the Powhatan Confederacy and her father, Chief Powhatan. He was a leader of the Virginia Colony (based at Jamestown) between 1607 and 1609, and led an exploration along the rivers of Virginia and the Chesapeake Bay.

one of the early English settlers of North America. He is credited with the first successful cultivation of tobacco as an export crop in the Colony of Virginia and is known as the husband of Pocahontas, daughter of the chief of the Powhatan Confederacy.

12 January 1587/8 - 26 March 1649) led a group of English Puritans to the New World, joined the Massachusetts Bay Company in 1629 and was elected their governor on April 8, 1630. Between 1639 and 1648 he was voted out of governorship and re-elected a total of 12 times.

He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. He believed that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs.

the unauthorized Puritan minister of a dissident church discussion group and a pioneer settler in Massachusetts, Rhode Island and New Netherlands. Her brilliant mind and kindness won admiration and a following. Hutchinson held Bible meetings for women that soon had great appeal to men as well. Eventually, she went beyond Bible study to proclaiming boldly facets of her own theological interpretations, some of which offended colony leadership. Great controversy ensued, and after an arduous trial before a jury of officials from both government and clergy, eventually she was banished from her colony

1681- William Penn received a land grant from King Charles II, and used it to form a colony that would provide a haven for Quakers. His colony, Pennsylvania, allowed religious freedom.

an american theologian and congregational clergyman whose sermons associated with the Great Awakening; known for fire-and-brimstone speeches SINNERS IN THE HANDS OF AN ANGRY GOD ROOOOAR

Locke was a British political theorist who wrote the Fundamental Constitution for the Carolinas colony, but it was never put into effect. The constitution would have set up a feudalistic government headed by an aristocracy which owned most of the land.

Printer, author, inventor, diplomat, statesman, and Founding Father. One of the few Americans who was highly respected in Europe, primarily due to his discoveries in the field of electricity.