question

Samuel de Champlain

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Father of New France who established a crucial alliance with the Huron Indians

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Robert de La Salle

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French empire builder who explored the Mississippi Basin and named it after his monarch; founded Louisiana

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Treaty of Urecht

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agreement that ended the War of Spanish Succession (Queen Anne's War) and awarded Acadia to Britain

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War of Austrian Succession

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conflict that started with the War of Jenkins' Ear and ended with the return of Louisbourg to France

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Fort Duquesne

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strategic French stronghold, later named after a great British statesman

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George Washington

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militia commander whose frontier skirmish in Pennsylvania touched off a world war

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Benjamin Franklin

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advocate of colonial unity at the unsuccessful Albany Congress

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General Braddock

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blundering British officer whose defeat gave the advantage to the French and Indians in the early stages of their war

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William Pitt

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splendid British orator and organizer of the winning strategy against the French in North America

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Plains of Abraham

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site of death of Generals Wolfe and Montcalm, where France's New World empire also perished

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Seven Years' War

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conflict in Europe that pitted France against Britain's ally Frederick the Great of Prussia

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Pontiac

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Indian leader whose frontier uprising caused the British to attempt to limit colonial expansion

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Proclamation of 1763

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British document that aroused colonial anger but failed to stop frontier expansion

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New Orleans

answer

strategic French outpost at the mouth of the Mississippi

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Acadians (Cajuns)

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French colonists in Nova Scotia brutally uprooted by victorious British and shipped to Louisiana

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Huguenots

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French Protestants who were granted toleration by the Edict of Nantes (1598) but not permitted to settle in New France

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King Louis XIV

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absolute French monarch who reigned for 72 years

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beaver

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animal whose pelt provided great profits for the French empire and enhanced European fashion at enormous ecological costs

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Jesuits

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French Catholic religious order that explored the North American interior and sought to protect and convert the Indians

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coureurs de bois

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far-running, high-living French fur trappers

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Louisbourg Fortress

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strategic French fortress conquered by New England settlers, handed back to the French, and finally conquered again by the British in 1759

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Ohio Valley

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island river territory, scene of fierce competition between the French and land-speculating English colonists

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Germany/Prussia

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bloodiest European theater of the Seven Years' War, where Frederick the Great's troops drained French strength away from North America

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Albany Congress

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unification effort that Benjamin Franklin nearly led to success by his eloquent leadership and cartoon artistry

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Montcalm

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fortress boldly assaulted by General Wolfe , spelling doom for New France

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militia

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the "buckskin" colonial soldiers whose military success did nothing to alter British officers' contempt

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Native Americans

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allies of the French against the British, who continued to fight under Pontiac even after the peace settlement in 1763

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Compared with the English colonies, New France was...

answer

more autocratically (absolutely) governed

question

The expansion of New France occurred especially...(where?)

answer

along the paths of lakes and rivers

question

Colonial Americans were unhappy after the peace treaty following the War of Jenkins' Ear because...

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it gave the Louisbourg fortress they had captured back to France

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The original cause of the French and Indian War was...

answer

competition between French and English colonists for land in the Ohio River valley

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The French and Indian War eventually became part of the larger world conflict known as...

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the Seven Years' War

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Benjamin Franklin's attempt to create intercolonial unity and the Albany Congress resulted in...

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rejection of the congress's proposal for colonial home rule by both London and the individual colonies

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The British forces suffered early defeats in the French and Indian War under the overall command of...

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General Braddock

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William Pitt's strategies in the assault of New France finally succeeded because...

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he concentrated British forces on attacking the vital strong points of Quebec and Montreal

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The decisive event in the French-British contest for North America was...

answer

the British victory in the Battle of Quebec

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Among the factors that tended to promote intercolonial unity during the French and Indian War was...

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common language and wartime experience

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The French and Indian War weakened interior Indian peoples like the Iroquois and Creeks by...

answer

removing their French and Spanish allies from Canada and Florida

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Pontiac's fierce attack on frontier outposts (1763) had the effect of...

answer

convincing the British to keep troops stationed in the colonies

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The British Proclamation of 1763...(feelings)

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angered colonists who thought that it deprived them of the fruits of victory

question

The French and Indian War created conflict between British and the American military because...

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British officers treated the American colonial militia with contempt

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The effect on the colonists of the French removal from North America was...

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to reduce the colonies' reliance on Britain and increase their sense if independence

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Cause: The French fur trade

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Effect: decimated beaver populations while spreading the French empire

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Cause: The four "world wars" between 1688 and 1763

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Effect: were echoed by four small wars between French and British subjects in North America

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Cause: Competition for land and furs in the Ohio Valley

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Effect: led to Washington's expedition and battle with the French at Fort Necessity

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Cause: The summoning of the Albany Congress by the British

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Effect: represented the first major attempt at intercolonial unity

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Cause: William Pitt's assumption of control of British government and strategy

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Effect: ended a string of defeats and turned the French and Indian War in Britain's favor

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Cause: Wolfe's victory over Montcalm at Quebec

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Effect: resulted in the decisive French defeat and British domination of North America

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Cause: The colonial militia's military success in the French and Indian War

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Effect: increased American military confidence and resentment of British redcoats

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Cause: Colonial American smuggling and trading with French enemy

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Effect: increased British government's disdain for colonial Americans and raised doubts about their loyalty to the empire

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Cause: British issuance of the Proclamation of 1763

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Effect: heightened colonial anger and encouraged illegal westward expansion

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Cause: Braddock's defeat at Fort Duquesne

answer

Effect: prompted widespread Indian assaults on the weakly defended colonial frontier

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