Apush Chapter 31 Test Answers – Flashcards

Inherited the presidency and attempted to rebuild confidence in the government after the Watergate scandals and to restored economic prosperity. His presidency also played an important role in the rise of the right, by destroying the fragile equilibrium that had enabled the right wing and the moderate wing of the Republican Party to coexist. He extended the Nixon-Kissinger policies of detente, presided over the fall of Vietnam and agreed to cede the Panama Canal to Panama.

1976 Democratic President. Main focus was on the energy crisis and economy. Increased public spending, but caused inflation.

(1978-1979) a revolution against the American controled shah of Iran led by the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, which resulted in Iran becoming an Islamic republic with Khomeini as its leader

States in the south and southwest that have a warm climate and tend to be politically conservative. Term coined by the political analyst Kevin Phillips

Christians who experience an immediate personal relationship with Jesus Christ, often through a born-again experience. Focuses on a more personal, rather than literal, interpretation of the bible. In the 1950s increasingly visible when evangelicals such as Billy Graham and Pentecostals such as Oral Roberts began to attract huge national and international followings for their energetic revivalism. Christian evangelicals owned their own newspapers, magazines, radio stations, and television networks. They operated their own schools and universities.

Ford vs Carter, Carter wins. Importaint because he was the first president from the south for a while and people thought he would bring fresh ideas

The first signed agreement between Israel and an Arab country, in which Egyptian president Anwar Sadat recognized Israel as a legitimate state and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin agreed to return the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt. Located at a retreat northwest of Washington used by the President of the United States.

Arguably a Russian attempt to secure the status quo, Carter claimed it was "gravest threat to world peace since World War II". Carter imposed a series of economic sanctions on the Russia, canceled US participation in the 1980 summer Olympic Games in Moscow, and announced the withdrawal of SALT II from Senate consideration.

Emerged in parts of the West in the late 70s, mobilized conservative opposition to environmental laws and restrictions on development. It also portrayed the West as a victim of government control. It demanded government-owned land to be opened for development.

attacked the rise of "secular humanism" a term many conservatives evangelicals used to describe the rejection of religion in American culture.

in the 1990's, Pentecostal minister Pat Robertson began a political movement and launched this organization. These and other organizations of the Christian right opposed federal interference in local affairs; denounced abortion, divorce, feminism, and homosexuality; defended unrestricted free enterprise, and supported a strong American posture in the world.

New face of the Republican right. Elected California governor in 1966. Republican President in 1980. Known for the _____ Doctrine, _____nomics (both on sepperate cards) and his love for Jelly Beans...

Jimmy Carter was in desperate political trouble, his standing in popularity polls lower than that of any president in history. Senator Edward Kennedy, younger brother of John F. K. challenged him in the primaries. Carter won his party nomination Republican Ronald Reagan he linked his campaign to the spreading tax revolt by promising substantial tax cuts. He champion a restoration of American "strength" and "pride" in the world. He benefit from Carters inability to resolve the Iranian hostage crisis. Reagan swept to victory.

This group was sympathetic to the complains and demands of capitalists, but their principal concern was to reaffirm Western democratic, anticommunist values and commitments. Some of them became important figures in the battle against multiculturalism and "political correctness" within academia.

Caused by Federal Reserve Bank raising interest rates, cooled inflation, Reagan's tax cuts caused more customer spending and dropped unemployment

A program crafted by Reagan with hope that the use of lasers and satellites would provide an effective shield against incoming missiles and thus make nuclear war obsolete.

US send soldiers and marines to oust an anti-American Marxist regime that showed signs of forging a relationship with USSR. Though tiny it was seen as a threat due to it's close

Anti-American leaders of Nicaragua and enemies of the "contras" Under the

New leader of the USSR in 1985. Quickly became the most revolutionary figure in world politics in several decades. He transformed Soviet politics with two new initiatives, glasnot and perestroika however he also witnessed it's fall in 1991

An effort to restructure the rigid and unproductive Soviet economy by introducing, elements of capitalism as private ownership and the profit motive.

Individuals in Reagan's administration continued to illegally support the rebels. These officials secretly sold weapons to Iran in exchange for the release of American hostages being held in the Middle East. Profits from these sales were then sent to the contras.

Elected President in 1988 after serving as VP to Reagan. Successfully developed international affairs and supported domestic issues. Known for entering the Gulf War.

The U.S. and nearly all foreign powers set an oil embargo on Iraq and went to war with them, successfully gaining control.

Texas billionaire who became an independent candidate by tapping popular resentment of the federal bureaucracy and by promising tough uncompromising leadership to deal with the fiscal crisis

Conservative Christians. Diverse but powerful coalition that enjoyed rapid growth in the 70s and early 80s. Conservative communications and fund-raising organization. More funded and organized than their opponents. By the late 1970, there were right-wing think tanks, consulting firms, lobbyists, foundations and schools. Distrust of the eastern establishment, suspicion of its motives ad goals, a sense that it exercised a dangerous secret power in American life, a fear of the hidden influences of such establishments institutions and people as the Council on Foreign Relations, the Trilateral Commission, Henry Kissinger and the Rockefellers.

A revolt led by the new right had its first public beginnings in 1978, when Howard Jarvis, a conservative activist in California, launched the first successful major citizens' revolt in California with this proposition, a referendum question on the state ballot rolling back property rates.

Iraq invaded and temporarily annexed Kuwait. In 1990, Iraq accused Kuwait of stealing Iraqi petroleum through slant drilling, though some people claim that there were more reasons. Iraq was unable to pay more than $80 billion that they borrowed to finance the Iraq-Iran War. Also, Kuwait was overproducing petroleum, which kept Iraq profits down. In two days of combat, most of the Kuwaiti Armed Forces were either over run or fled to Saudi Arabia or Bahrain. Hussein declared Kuwait the 19th province of Iraq. He was met with immediate economic sanctions and international condemnation. The United states entered to protect the oil-rich Kuwait and were quickly drawn into the fray with Iraq and took militaristic action.

Policies of the first reagan administration which increased defense spending reduced social programs and cut taxes they were based on supply side theory of growing the economy by cutting government interference and taxes

Reduce taxes, particularly corporations and wealthy individuals, in order to encourage new investments. Trickle down theory also known as supply-side economy

Debt of the national government (as distinguished from the debts of individuals and businesses and political subdivisions)

A doctrine that helped groups resist communism in the Third World unrelated to their connection with the Soviet Union.

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American marines remained in the city to protect the fragile Lebanese government. Americans were a target of bombing in the US barracks in Beirut, left 241 marines dead. Reagan withdrew the American forces. Example of the changing character of Third World struggles, increasing reliance of terrorism.

Walter Mondale fought off challenges of Senator Gary Hart of Colorado and Jesse Jackson (who had established himself as the nation's most prominent spokesman for minorities and the poor). He selected a woman, Geraldine Ferraro of New York as his running mate, first female candidate to appear on a national ticket. However Ronald Reagan's focus on what he claimed was the remarkable revival of American's fortunes and spirits under his leadership proved him victorious. He uses phrases such as "It's Morning in America" and "America Is Back".

An uprising calling for greater democratization, launched by Chinese students, was crushed by military forces, which resulted in a bloody massacre on June 3, 1989. The democracy movement was crushed, and hard-liners were restored.

The failure of about 1,000 saving and loan banks as a result of risky business practices

The uninspiring Michael Dukakis governor of Massachusetts ran for the Democratic party. Vice president George Bush run for the Republican ticket. He made his a relentless attack on Dukakis tying him with liberals which eventually gained him the presidency.

Caused by the debt that corporations and individuals had amassed during the 1980s. This recession caused bankruptcies and increased the fear and frustration of the middle- and working-class Americans. It also put pressure on the government.

Bill Clinton won over George H.W. Bush (and independent candidate Ross Perot) because of the economy's problems and the solving of foreign policy problems, Bush's greatest strength.