question

Cultural conflicts and population loss to disease weakened the Plains Indians' ability to resist white encroachment onto their lands.

answer

True

question

The Plains Indians were rather quickly and easily defeated by the U. S. Army.

answer

False. The Plains Indians were rather slowly defeated by the U. S. Army.

question

A crucial factor in defeating the Indians was the destruction of the buffalo, a vital source of food and other supplies.

answer

True

question

Humanitarian reformers respected the Native Americans' traditional culture and tried to preserve their tribal way of life.

answer

False. Humanitarian reformers tried to Westernize Native Americans.

question

Individual gold and silver miners proved unable to compete with large mining corporations and trained engineers.

answer

True

question

During the peak years of the Long Drive, the cattlemen's prosperity depended on driving large beef herds great distances to railroad terminal points.

answer

True

question

More families acquired land under the Homestead Act than from the states and private owners.

answer

False. Less families acquired land under the Homestead Act than from the states and private owners.

question

In 1890, the Census Bureau declared that there was no longer a clear line of frontier settlement.

answer

True

question

Although very few city dwellers ever migrated west to take up farming, the frontier "safety valve" did have some positive effects on eastern workers.

answer

True

question

The farmers who settled the Great Plains were usually single-crop producers dependent on unstable distant markets for their livelihoods.

answer

True

question

The greatest problem facing the farmers was their inability to produce enough grain on western prairies lands that were more difficult to cultivate.

answer

False. The greatest problem facing the farmers was overproduction and low grain prices.

question

The fundamental problem of the Farmers' Alliance was their inability to overcome the racial division between white and black farmers in the South.

answer

True

question

The Populist Party grew out of the earlier rural protests of the grange and the Farmers' Alliances.

answer

True

question

The economic crisis of the 1890s strengthened the Populists' belief that farmers and industrial workers should form an alliance against economic and political oppression.

answer

True

question

Republican political manager Mark Hanna struggled to raise enough funds to combat William Jennings Bryan's pro-silver campaign.

answer

False. Republican political manager Mark Hanna easily raised enough funds to combat William Jennings Bryan's pro-silver campaign.

question

Bryan's populist campaign failed partly because he was unable to persuade enough urban workers to join his essentially rural-based cause.

answer

True

question

McKinley's victory in 1896 ushered in an era marked by Republican domination, weakened party organization, and the fading of the money issue in American politics.

answer

True

question

Western Indians offered strong resistance to white expansion through their effective use of

answer

d. repeating rifles and horses.

question

Intertribal warfare among Native Americans increased in the late nineteenth century because

answer

c. growing competition for the rapidly dwindling hunting grounds.

question

The federal government's attempt to confine Native Americans to certain areas through formal treaties was largely ineffective because

answer

a. the nomadic Plains Indians largely rejected the idea of formal authority and defined territory.

question

The warfare that led up to the Battle of the Little Big Horn was set off by

answer

a. white intrusion into the previously reserved Indian territory of Oklahoma.

question

Indian resistance was finally subdued because

answer

b. the coming of the railroad led to the destruction of the buffalo and the Indians' way of life.

question

The federal government attempted to force Indians away from their traditional values and customs by

answer

b. creating a network of children's boarding schools and white "field matrons."

question

Both the mining and cattle frontiers saw

answer

d. a movement from individual operations to large-scale corporate business.

question

The problem of developing agriculture in the arid West was solved most successfully through

answer

c. the use of irrigation from damned western rivers.

question

The "safety valve" theory of the frontier holds that

answer

c. unemployed city dwellers could move west and thus relieve labor conflict in the East.

question

Which of these factors did not make the Trans-Mississippi West a unique part of the American frontier experience?

answer

b. The problem of applying new technologies in a hostile wilderness

question

By the 1880's, most western farmers faced hard times because

answer

d. they were forced to sell their grain at low prices in a depressed world market.

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The first organization to work on behalf of the farmers was the

answer

a. Grange.

question

One of the political goals of the Grangers was

answer

b. to regulate railway rates and gain-storage fees through state laws.

question

Despite substantial gains in the election of 1892, the Populists in 1892 were unable to win a majority because

answer

c. white southern farmers were too attached to the Democratic party and racial segregation.

question

Which of the following was NOT among the political goals advocated by the Populist Party in the 1890s?

answer

b. Creation of a national system of unemployment insurance and old-age pensions

question

The U.S. government's response to the Pullman strike aroused great anger from organized labor because

answer

a. it seemed to represent "government by injunction" designed to destroy labor unions.

question

William Jennings Bryan gained the Democratic nomination in 1896 with his strong support of

answer

a. unlimited coinage of silver in order to inflate the currency.

question

McKinley defeated Bryan primarily because he was able to win the support of

answer

b. eastern wage earners and city dwellers.

question

Major Northern Plains tribe that fought and eventually lost a bitter war against the U.S. Army, 1876-1877

answer

Sioux

question

Southwestern tribe led by Geronimo that carried out some of the last fighting against white conquest

answer

Apache

question

Generally poor areas where vanquished Native Americans were eventually confined under federal control

answer

Reservations

question

Indian cult, originating out of the sacred Sun Dance, that the federal government attempted to stamp out in 1890

answer

Ghost Dance

question

Federal law that attempted to dissolve tribal land holding and establish Native Americans as individual farmers.

answer

Dawe's Act

question

Huge silver and gold deposits that brought wealth and statehood to Nevada

answer

Comstock Lode

question

General term for the herding of cattle from the grassy plains to the railroad terminals of Kansas, Nebraska, Wyoming

answer

Long Drive

question

Federal law that offered generous land to poorer farmers but also provided the unscrupulous with opportunities for hoaxes and fraud

answer

Homestead Act

question

Improved type of fencing that enabled farmers to enclose land on the treeless plains

answer

Barbed Wire

question

Former "Indian Territory" where "sooners" tried to get the jump on "boomers" when it was open for settlement in 1889

answer

Oklahoma

question

The theory that the availability of the frontier lessened social conflict in America by providing economic opportunities for eastern workers

answer

Safety-valve

question

Farmers' organization that began as a secret social group and expanded into such activities as pro-farmer politics and lawmaking

answer

Grange`

question

Short-lived pro-farmer third party that gained over a million votes and elected fourteen congressmen in1878

answer

Greenback

question

Broad-based organizations of the 1880's that drew both black and white agriculturalists into social, economic, and political activity

answer

Farmer's Alliance

question

Third political party that emerged in the 1890's to express rural grievances and mount major attacks on the democrats and republicans

answer

Populist

question

Sand Creek, Colorado

answer

H. Site of the Indian massacre by militia forces in 1864

question

Little Big Horn

answer

J. Site of major U.S. Army defeat in the Sioux War of 1876-1877

question

Sitting Bull

answer

E. Leader of the Sioux during wars of 1876-1877

question

Chief Joseph

answer

B. Leader of the Nez Percé tribe who conducted a brilliant but unsuccessful military campaign in1877

question

Geronimo

answer

G. Leader of the Apaches of Arizona in their warfare with the whites

question

Helen Hunt Jackson

answer

I. Massachusetts writer whose books aroused white sympathy for the plight of the Native Americans

question

John Wesley Powell

answer

F. Explorer and geologist who warned that traditional agriculture could not succeed west of the 100th meridian

question

William Hope Harvey

answer

C. Author of the popular pro-silver pamphlet "Coin's Financial School"

question

Eugene Debs

answer

K. Railway union leader who converted to socialism while serving jail time during the Pullman strike

question

James B. Weaver

answer

D. Former Civil War general and Granger who ran as the Greenback Labor party candidate for president in 1880

question

Mary E. Lease

answer

L. Eloquent Kansas Populist who urged farmers to "raise less corn and more hell"

question

Mark Hanna

answer

A. Ohio industrialist and organizer of McKinley's victory over Bryan in the election of 1896

question

The encroachment of white settlement and the violation of treaties with the Indians

answer

J. Led to nearly constant warfare with the Plains Indians from 1868 to about 1890

question

Railroad building, disease, and the destruction of the buffalo

answer

E. Decimated Indian populations and hastened their defeat at the hands of the advancing whites

question

Reformers' attempts to make Native Americans conform to white ways

answer

I. Further undermined Native Americans' traditional tribal culture and morale

question

The coming of big-business mining and stock-raising to the West

answer

D. Ended the romantic, colorful era of the miners' and cattlemen's frontier

question

"Dry farming", barbed wire, and irrigation

answer

H. Made it possible to farm dry, treeless areas of the Great Plains and the West

question

The passing of the frontier in 1890

answer

C. Created new psychological and economic problems for a nation accustomed to a boundlessly open West

question

The growing economic specialization of western agriculturalists

answer

G. Made the farmers vulnerable to vast industrial and market forces beyond their control

question

The rise of the Populist Party in the early 1890s

answer

F. Led grain and cotton growers to turn from economics to politics as a solution for their grievances

question

The economic depression that began in 1893

answer

A. Laid the groundwork for the more aggressively political populists

question

The return of prosperity after 1897 and new gold discoveries in Alaska, South Africa, and elsewhere

answer

B. Created severe deflation and forced farmers deeper into debt

APUSH Chapter 26 The Great West and the Agricultural Revolution, 1865-1890 – Flashcards

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