question

Rapid and uncontrolled growth made American cities places of both exciting opportunity and severe social problems.

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True

question

After 1880, most immigrants to America came from northern and western Europe.

answer

False. After 1880, most immigrants to America came from southern and eastern Europe.

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Most of the New Immigrants who arrived in America were escaping from the slums and poverty of European cities.

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True

question

Female social workers established settlement houses to aid struggling immigrants and promote social reform.

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True

question

American Protestantism was dominated by "liberal" denominations that adapted religious ideas to modern culture and promoted a "social gospel" rather than biblical literalism.

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True

question

Many native-born Americans considered the New Immigrants a threat to American democracy and Anglo-Saxon purity.

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True

question

Two religions that gained strength in the United States from the New Immigration were Roman Catholicism and Judaism.

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True

question

Charles Darwin's theories of evolution were overwhelmingly rejected by the majority of both Protestant and Catholic religious thinkers in the late nineteenth century.

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True

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In the late nineteenth century, secondary (high school) education was increasingly carried on by private schools.

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False. In the late nineteenth century, secondary (high school) education was increasingly carried on by public schools.

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Booker T. Washington believed that blacks should try to achieve social equality with whites but not economic equality.

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False. Booker T. Washington believed that blacks should try to achieve economic equality with whites but not social equality.

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American higher education depended on both public "land-grant" funding and private donations for its financial support.

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True

question

Urban newspapers often promoted a sensational "yellow journalism" that emphasized sex and scandal rather than politics or social reform.

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True

question

Post-Civil War writers like Mark Twain and William Dean Howells turned from social realism toward fantasy and science fiction in their novels.

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False. Post-Civil War writers like Mark Twain and William Dean Howells turned to social realism.

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There was a growing tension in the late nineteenth century between women's traditionally defined "sphere" of family and home and the social and cultural changes of the era.

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True

question

The new urban environment generally weakened the family but offered new opportunities for women to achieve social and economic independence.

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True

question

After 1900, the pro-suffrage movement stressed that women should have the vote in order to improve social morality rather than because they were the equals of men.

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True

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The new cities' glittering consumer economy was symbolized especially the rise of

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c. large, elegant department stores.

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One of the most difficult new problems generated by the rise of cities and the urban American life-style was

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c. disposing of large quantities of consumer-generated waste material.

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Two technical developments of the late nineteenth century that contributed to the spectacular growth of American cities were

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c. the electric trolley and the skyscraper.

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Countries from which many of the "New Immigrants" came included

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c. Poland & Italy

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Among the factors driving millions of European peasants from their homeland to America were

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a. American food imports and religious persecution.

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Besides providing direct services to immigrants, the reformers of Hull House worked for general goals like

answer

b. anti-sweatshop laws to protect women and child laborers.

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The one immigrant group that was totally banned from America after 1882 nativist agitation was the

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d. Chinese.

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Two religious groups that grew most dramatically because of the "New Immigration" were

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d. Jews and Roman Catholics.

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The phrase "social Gospel" refers to

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c. the efforts of some Christian reformers to apply their religious beliefs to new social problems.

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Besides aiding immigrants and promoting social reforms, settlement houses like Jane Addams's Hull House demonstrated that

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b. the cities offered new challenges and opportunities for women.

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Traditional American Protestant religion received a substantial blow from

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d. the biological ideas of Charles Darwin.

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Unlike Booker T. Washington, W. E. B. Du Bois advocated

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b. integration and social equality for blacks.

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In the late nineteenth century, American colleges and universities benefited from

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a. federal and state "land-grant" assistance and private philanthropy of wealthy donors.

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American reformers like Henry George and Edward Bellamy advocated

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a. utopian reforms to end poverty and eliminate class conflict.

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Authors like Mark Twain, Stephen Crane, and Jack London turned American literature toward a greater concern with

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d. social realism and contemporary problems.

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High-rise urban buildings that provided barracks-like housing for urban slum dwellers.

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Dumbbell Tenements

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Term for the post-1880 newcomers who came to America primarily from southern and eastern Europe

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New Immigrants

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Immigrants who came to America to earn money for a time and then returned to their native land

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Birds of Passage

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The religious doctrines preached by those who believed the churches should directly address economic and social problems

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Social Gospel

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The settlement house in the Chicago slums that became a model for women's involvement in urban social reform

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Hull House

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The profession established by Jane Addams and others that opened new opportunities for women in the modern city

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Social Worker

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Nativist organization that attacked "New Immigrants" and Roman Catholicism in the 1880s and 1890s

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American Protection Agency

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The church that became the largest American religious group, mainly as a result of the "New Immigration"

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Roman Catholics

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Black educational institution founded by Booker T. Washington to provide training in agriculture and crafts

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Tuskegee Institute

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The organization founded by W. E. B. Du Bois and others to advance black social and economic equality

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NAACP

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Henry George's best-selling book that advocated social reform through the imposition of a "single tax" on land

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Progress and Poverty

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A federal law, promoted by a self-appointed morality crusader, that was used to prosecute moral and sexual dissidents

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Comstock Law

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Charlotte Perkins Gilman's book urging women to enter the work force and advocating cooperative kitchens and child-care centers

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Women and Economics

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Organization formed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and others to promote the vote for women

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National American Women's Suffrage Movement

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Women's organization founded by reformer Frances Willard and others to oppose alcohol consumption

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Women's Christian Temperance Movement

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Louis Sullivan

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M. Chicago-based architect whose high-rise innovation allowed more people to crowd into limited urban space

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Walter Rauschenbusch

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E. Leading Protestant advocate of the "social gospel" who tried to make Christianity relevant to urban and industrial problems

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Jane Addams

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J. Leading social reformer who lived with the poor in the slums and pioneered new forms of activism for women

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Dwight L. Moody

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N. Popular evangelical preacher who brought the tradition of old-time revivalism to the industrial city

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Mary Baker Eddy

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D. Author and founder of a popular new religion based on principles of spiritual healing

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Booker T. Washington

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F. Former slave who promoted industrial education and economic opportunity for blacks but did not advocate black social equality

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W.E.B. Du Bois

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L. Harvard-educated scholar and advocate of full black social and economic equality through the leadership of a "talented tenth"

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William James

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G. Harvard scholar who made original contributions to modern psychology and philosophy

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Henry George

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A. Controversial reformer whose book Progress and Poverty advocated solving problems of economic inequality by a tax on land

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Emily Dickinson

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O. Gifted but isolated New England poet, the bulk of whose works were not published until after her death

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Mark Twain

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B. Midwestern-born writer and lecturer who created a new style of American literature based on social realism and humor

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Victoria Woodhull

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H. Radical feminist propagandist whose eloquent attacks on conventional social morality shocked many Americans in the 1870s

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Anthony Comstock

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K. Vigorous nineteenth-century crusader for sexual "purity" who used federal law to enforce his moral views

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Charlotte Perkins Gilman

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I. Brilliant feminist writer who advocated cooperative cooking and child-care arrangements so that women could obtain greater economic independence and equality

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Henry Adams

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C. Well-connected and socially prominent historian who feared modern trends and sought relief in the beauty and culture of the past

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New industrial jobs and urban excitement

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G. Lured millions of rural American off the farms and into the cities

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Uncontrolled rapid growth and the "New Immigration" from Europe

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B. Created intense poverty and other problems in the crowed urban slums

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Cheap American grain exports to Europe

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E. Helped uproot European peasants from their ancestral lands and sent them seeking new opportunities in America and elsewhere

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The cultural strangeness and poverty of southern and eastern European immigrants

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I. Provoked sharp hostility from some native-born Americans and organized labor groups

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Social gospel ministers and settlement-house workers

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H. Assisted immigrants and other slum dwellers and pricked middle-class consciences about urban problems

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Darwinian science and growing urban materialism

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C. Weakened the religious influence in American society and created divisions within the churches

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Government land grants and private philanthropy

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F. Supported the substantial improvements in American undergraduate and graduate education in the late nineteenth century

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Popular newspapers and "yellow journalism"

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A. Encouraged the mass urban public's taste for scandal and sensation

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Changes in moral and sexual attitudes

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J. Created sharp divisions about the "new morality' and issues such as divorce

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The difficulties of family life in the industrial city

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D. Led women and men to delay marriage and have fewer children

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