APUSH Chapter 20 Key Terms – Flashcards
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Gilded age
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a term describing the late nineteenth century as a period of ostentation displays of wealth
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Pendleton Act
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a law establishing a nonpartisan Civil Service Commission to fill federal jobs by examination
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Mugwumps
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a branch of reform-minded Republicans who left their party in 1884 to support Grover Cleveland
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Sherman Antitrust Act
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Landmark act in 1890 that forbade anticompetitive business activities
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Omaha Platform
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a statement by Populists calling for stronger government to protect ordinary Americans
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free silver
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a policy of loosening the money supply by expanding federal coinage to include silver as well as gold
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Williams v Mississippi
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Supreme Court case ruling that allowed states to impose poll taxes and literacy tests
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"Solid South"
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The post-Reconstruction goal of almost complete electoral control of the south by the Democratic Party
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Newlands Reclamation Act
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A 1902 law that allowed the federal government to sell public land to raise money for irrigation projects
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recall
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a pioneering progressive idea, enacin gin Wisconsin, Oregon, California, that gave citizens the right to remove unpopular politicians from office through a vot
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referendum
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The process of voting directly on a proposed policy measure rather than leaving it in the hands of elected legislators
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National Child Labor Committee
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a reform organization that worked (unsuccessfully) to win a federal law banning child labor
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National Association for the advancement of colored people (NAACP)
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An organization founded by African American reforms and white allies as a vehicle for advocating equal rights for African Americans, especially through the courts
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Industrial Workers of the World
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A union and radical political group dedicated to organizing unskilled workers to oppose capitalism
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New Nationalism
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promoting government intervention to enhance public welfare. Spoken about in President Roosevelt's speech in 1910
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Federal Reserve Act
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The Central bank system of the United States created in 1913. Helped set the money supply level
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Clayton Antitrust Act
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a 1914 law that strengthened federal definition of "monopoly" and gave more power to the Justice Department to pursue antitrust cases
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Muller v Oregon
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Supreme Court case that upheld and Oregon law limiting women's workday to ten hours
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"Waving the bloody shirt"
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a term used to refer to politicians who according to critics, whipped up old animosities from the Civil War era
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Talented Tenth
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A term used by W. E. B. Du Bois for the top 10 percent of educated African Americans
