question

Describe the economic problems faced by the US in the 1970's.

answer

After the flurry of economic growth in the 1950s and 1960s, the U.S. economy grew stagnant in the 1970s. No year during that decade had a growth rate that matched any year of the preceding two decades.

question

productivity

answer

(economics) the ratio of the quantity and quality of units produced to the labor per unit of time

question

inflation

answer

a general and progressive increase in prices

question

What was Pres. Nixon's plan for getting the US out of Vietnam?

answer

Upon taking office, President Richard Nixon urged American's to stop tearing each other apart and to cooperate. He was very skilled in foreign affairs, and to cope with the Vietnam dilemma, he used a policy called "Vietnamization" in which 540,000 American troops would be pulled out of the Southeast Asian nation and the war would be turned back over to the Vietnamese. The South Vietnamese would slowly fight their own war, and the U.S. would only supply arms and money but not American troops; this was called the "Nixon Doctrine."

question

Liberal Establishment

answer

Nixon believed this cast him into politial darkness for most of the 1960's

question

Vietnamization

answer

President Richard Nixons strategy for ending U.S involvement in the vietnam war, involving a gradual withdrawl of American troops and replacement of them with South Vietnamese forces

question

Silent majority

answer

that group of quiet honest hard-working middle class Americans who do their job, respect their country and support gov.; Nixon wants their votes in 1968 and 1972

question

Nattering Nabobs of Negativism

answer

Spiro Agnew's derogatory name for antiwar protesters

question

My Lai

answer

location of the killing of over 400 Vietnamese civilians by American soldiers

question

What developments caused many people to become even more critical of the war in 1970-1971?

answer

North Vietnamese had been using Cambodia as a springboard for funneling troops and arms along the Ho Chi Minh Trail, and on April 29, 1970, Nixon suddenly ordered U.S. troops to invade Cambodia to stop this.

question

Cambodia

answer

a nation in southeastern Asia

question

Kent State

answer

Ohio college where an anti-war protest got way out of hand, the Nat'l Guard was called in and killed 3 students (innocent & unarmed,wounded 9) in idiscriminate fire of M-1 rifles

question

Twenty Sixth Amendment

answer

an amendment to the US constituion, adoped in 1971 and lowering the voting age from 21 to 18

question

Pentagon papers

answer

A 7,000-page top-secret United States government report on the history of the internal planning and policy-making process within the government itself concerning the Vietnam War.

question

Daniel Ellsberg

answer

a former American military analyst employed by the RAND Corporation who precipitated a national political controversy in 1971 when he released the Pentagon Papers, a top-secret Pentagon study of government decision-making about the Vietnam War, to The New York Times and other newspapers.

question

What was the "China Card", and how did Nixon use it?

answer

Meanwhile, China and the Soviet Union were clashing over their own interpretations of Marxism, and Nixon seized this as a chance for the U.S. to relax tensions and establish "détente."

question

Henry Kissinger

answer

United States diplomat who served under President Nixon and President Ford (born in 1923)

question

Detente

answer

the easing of tensions or strained relations (especially between nations)

question

ABM Treaty

answer

1972-2001; political; treaty between the U.S and the Soviet Union on the limitation of the anti-ballistic missile (ABM) systems used in defending areas against missile-delivered nuclear weapons

question

SALT Treaty

answer

a five-year agreement between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, sighned in 1972, that limited the nations' numbers of intercontinental ballistic missiles and submarine-launched missiles.

question

MIRVs

answer

multiple independently targeted reentry vehicles designed to overcome any defense by "saturating" it with large number of warheads

question

Why was Nixon unhappy with the Supreme Court?

answer

When Earl Warren was appointed as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, he headed many controversial but important decisions.

question

Judicial Activism

answer

an interpretation of the U.S. constitution holding that the spirit of the times and the needs of the nation can legitimately influence judicial decisions (particularly decisions of the Supreme Court)

question

Miranda

answer

Prospero's daughter

question

Engel v Vitale

answer

banned formal prayer in schools, goverment whould not make any religion the 'official' religion.

question

Warren Berger

answer

replaced Earl Warren in 1969; the Burger Court was supposed to reverse the liberal rulings of the Warren court

question

Roe v Wade

answer

(1973) legalized abortion on the basis of a woman's right to privacy

question

How conservative was Pres. Nixon? Explain

answer

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was also created to protect nature, as well as OSHA, or the Occupational Health and Safety Administration.

question

Aid the families with dependent children

answer

Nixon also expanded Great Society programs by increasing appropriations for Medicare and Medicaid, as well as Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), and created the Supplemental Security Income (SSI), which gave benefits to the indigent, aged, blind, and disabled, and he raised Social Security.

question

Reverse Discrimination

answer

Using race or sex to give preferential treatment to some people.

question

EPA

answer

an independent federal agency established to coordinate programs aimed at reducing pollution and protecting the environment

question

OSHA

answer

a government agency in the Department of Labor to maintain a safe and healthy work environment

question

Silent Spring

answer

A book written to voice the concerns of environmentalists. Launched the environmentalist movement by pointing out the effects of civilization development.

question

Clean Air Act

answer

Set emission standards for cars, and limits for release of air pollutants

question

Endangered Species Act

answer

identifies threatened and endangered species in the US, and puts their protection ahead of economic considerations

question

Southern Strategy

answer

Nixon's plan to persuade conservative southern white voters away from the Democratic party

question

How did the situation in Vietnam help Nixon win a landslide in the 1972 election?

answer

In 1972, the North Vietnamese attacked again, surprisingly, and Nixon ordered massive retaliatory air attacks, which ground the Vietnamese offense to a stop when neither China nor Russia stepped in to help, thanks to Nixon's shrew diplomacy.

question

George McGovern

answer

George Stanley McGovern, Ph.D (born July 19, 1922) is a former United States Representative, Senator, and Democratic presidential nominee. McGovern lost the 1972 presidential election in a landslide to incumbent Richard Nixon. McGovern was most noted for his opposition to the Vietnam War. He is currently serving as the United Nations global ambassador on hunger.

question

What did Cambodia have to do with the War Powers Act?

answer

It was then discovered that there had been secret bombing raids of North Vietnamese forces in Cambodia that had occurred since March of 1969, despite federal assurances to the U.S. public that Cambodia's neutrality was being respected.

question

Pol Pot

answer

Leader of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia, who terrorized the people of Cambodia throughout the 1970's

question

War Powers Act

answer

Act that grants emergency executive powers to president to run war effort

question

"The shaky peace was in reality little more than a thinly disguised American retreat" Explain

answer

The War Powers Act of November 1973 (1) required the president to report all commitments of U.S. troops to Congress within 48 hours and and (2) setting a 60 day limit on those activities. There was also a "New Isolationism" that discouraged the use of U.S. troops in other countries, but Nixon fended off all efforts at this.

question

Explain the cause and effects of the Arab Oil embargo.

answer

After the U.S. backed Israel in its war against Syria and Egypt which had been trying to regain territory lost in the Six-Day War, the Arab nations imposed an oil embargo, which strictly limited oil in the U.S. and caused a fuel crisis.

question

OPEC

answer

an organization of countries formed in 1961 to agree on a common policy for the production and sale of petroleum

question

Of what wrongdoing was the Nixon administration guilty?

answer

On June 17, 1972, five men working for the Republican Committee for the Re-election of the President (CREEP) were caught breaking into the Watergate Hotel and planting some bugs in the room.

question

Watergate

answer

a political scandal involving abuse of power and bribery and obstruction of justice

question

CREEP

answer

a slow creeping mode of locomotion (on hands and knees or dragging the body)

question

Enemies List

answer

people Nixon had something against or had done something to him

question

Plumbers

answer

Name given to the special investigations committee established along with CREEP in 1971. Its job was to stop the leaking of confidential information to the public and press.

question

John Dean

answer

He testified against Nixon as well as other cabinet members in the Watergate hearings. His testimony helped led to the removal of several White House officials and the resignation of Nixon. Before his testimony he had been a White House lawyer.

question

Executive Privilege

answer

The power to keep executive communications confidential, especially if they relate to national security.

question

Spiro Agnew

answer

Nixon's vice-president resigned and pleaded "no contest" to charges of tax evasion on payments made to him when he was governor of Maryland. He was replaced by Gerald R. Ford.

question

Gerald Ford

answer

38th President of the United States

question

Saturday Night Massacre

answer

dismissal of independent special prosecutor Archibald Cox, and the resignations of Attorney General Elliot Richardson and Deputy Attorney General William Ruckelshaus during the Watergate scandal 1973

question

Did the President do the right thing when he pardoned Nixon?

answer

He was also seen as a dumb jock of a president (he was a former Univ. of Michigan football player), and his popularity and respect further sank when he issued a full pardon of Nixon, thus setting off accusations of a "buddy deal."

question

What was the cost (not in just money) of the Vietnam war?

answer

Disastrously for Ford, South Vietnam fell to the communist North in 1975, and American troops had to be evacuated, the last on April 29, 1975, thus ending the U.S. role in Vietnam War. America seemed to have lost the war, and it had also lost a lot of respect.

question

Why did the Equal Rights Amendment fail?

answer

Phyllis Schlafly led other women against ERA. Schlafly said ERA advocates were, "bitter women seeking a constitutional cure for their personal problems." She used the following arguments against the ERA amendment: It would deprive a woman's right to be a wife. It would require women to serve in combat.

question

Title IX

answer

No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance

question

ERA

answer

a major division of geological time

question

Roe v Wade

answer

(1973) legalized abortion on the basis of a woman's right to privacy

question

What difficulties did Vietnamese immigrants experience when they came to America?

answer

South Vietnamese refugees initially faced resentment by Americans following the turmoil and upheaval of the Vietnam War. A poll taken in 1975 showed only 36 percent of Americans were in favor of Vietnamese immigration.

question

Explain the significance of the Bakke case

answer

In the Bakke case of 1978, the Supreme Court ruled 5 to 4 that Allan Bakke (a white applicant claiming reverse discrimination) should be admitted to U.C.—Davis med school. The decision was ambiguous saying (1) admission preference based on any race was not allowed, but conversely that (2) race could be factored into the admission policy.

question

Why did Jimmy Carter win the presidency in 1976?

answer

In 1976, Jimmy Carter barely squeezed by Gerald Ford (297 to 240) for president, promising to never lie to the American public. He also had Democratic majorities in both houses of Congress.

question

Jimmy Carter

answer

39th President of the United States (1924-)

question

Compare and Contrast the first and second femnist waves.

answer

1st Wave was feminism, it was lesbians fighting for rights since they didn't have husbands and did not fit into the system. 2nd Wave was Communism seeking to destroy the institutions and the foundation of Western society. They claimed The Suffragette Movement as their own to give validity to their corrupt motives.

question

Describe Carter's foreign policy achievements.

answer

Carter was a champion for human rights, and in Rhodesia (later Zimbabwe) and South Africa, he championed for black rights and privileges. Carter also pledged to return the Panama Canal to Panama by the year 2000, and resumed full diplomatic relations with China in 1979.

question

Anwar Sadat

answer

Egyptian statesman who (as president of Egypt) negotiated a peace treaty with Menachem Begin (then prime minister of Israel) (1918-1981)

question

Menachem Begin

answer

Leader of Israel who signed a peace treaty with Egypt at the Camp David Accords, which had Israel withdrawing from Sinai Peninsula and Gaza Strip and returning the land to Egypt

question

Camp David Accords

answer

The first signed agreement between Israel and an Arab country, in which Egyptian president Anwar Sadat recognized Israel as a legitimate state and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin agreed to return the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt.

question

How did Carter react to the renewed Energy Crisis?

answer

He called for legislation to improve energy conservation, but the gas-guzzling American people, who had already forgotten about the long gas lines of 1973, didn't like these ideas.

question

Shah of Iran

answer

title for the former hereditary monarch of Iran

question

What foreign policy problems plagued the second half of Carter's presidency?

answer

Carter signed the SALT II agreements with Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev, but the U.S. Senate wouldn't ratify it.

question

Leonid Breshnev

answer

The third leader of Communist Russia who reinstituted policies from Stalin's reign.

question

SALT II

answer

the second treaty between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics resulting from the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks

question

Ayatollah Khomeini

answer

Iranian religious leader of the Shiites

question

Afghanistan

answer

a mountainous landlocked country in central Asia

question

Hostage crisis

answer

diplomatic crisis between Iran and the United States where 52 U.S. diplomats were held hostage for 444 days from November 4, 1979 to January 20, 1981, after a group of Islamist students took over the American embassy in support of the Iranian revolution

APUSH CH. 39 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards