APUSH Ch 26 – Flashcards
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What made westward expansion possible? (4)
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1. transcontinental railroad (faster, shorter, comfortable) 2. land west (Homestead Act) 3. people influx (immigration) 4. more opportunities for wealth (mining, agriculture, etc..)
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What happened to the buffalo?
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**OVERGRAZED** many U.S. troops, farmers, miners, and cattlemen came to the plains to hunt for buffalo. Eventually, the buffalo almost became extinct and were replaced by range fed cattle --some people just hunted buffalo because it was fun
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What were the causes of Native American transformation? (5)
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1. extermination of buffalo-- Government realized they could control the N.A by their buffalo 2. disease decimated NA Indians-- no immunity 3. alcohol-- changed the culture of NA's 4. US government wanted Westward expansion so they would use their army to make sure the land was "safe" 5. economy changes with railroad (unlimited troops, invasion of land, etc..)
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What did the book Century of Dishonor, written by Helen Hunt Jackson, say?
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--US government is taking away US culture by killing Indians --purpose was to let citizens know of the government's long record of betraying treaties and cheating the NA's
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What did Christian Reformers decide to do with the NA's?
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run schools on reservations to teach American ways and make them give up their own
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What was the Ghost Dance?
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a sacred ritual of the NA's that expressed a vision that the buffalo would return and the white civilization would vanish
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What did the Battle of Wounded Knee in 1890 do?
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US saw the Ghost Dance as troubled so they brought in many troops and killed nearly 200 Indian women and children.
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What we the goals of the Dawes Act of 1887?
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it was a misguided attempt to reform the NA policy --set families on portions of land --made NA citizens if they behaved like Americans for 25 years --dissolved legal entities
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What were the consequences of the Dawes Act of 1887?
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--affected how history is passed--interrupted Indian tradition and culture of tribally owned land --by 1900's, Indians lost about 50% of 156 million acres of land they held 20 years prior --forced assimilation doctrine of Act remained to a cornerstone of the government official Indian policy for 50 years.
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What was the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934?
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gave Indians their legal rights back so they were able to practice their own culture once again.
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Did Utah join the Union? If so, when?
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Yes, 1896
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Which states were the last territories and which was made available?
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Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Arizona --Oklahoma made available in 1888-- names the "sooner"
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What was the Watershed Report?
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in 1890, the superintended reported that there was no frontier line --land= money/ opportunity which was now gone This causes a change in their outlook --The frontier was a definition of America's uniqueness (safety valve) --Secretary of War said it would take 500 years to populate in 1827
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What did Fredrick Jackson Turner write?
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The significance of the Frontier
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What did The Significance of the Frontier say? (3)
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Stimulated Nationalism by saying that the cheap unsettles land give America the opportunity to shape spirit --the frontier is a safety valve for factory workers and immigrants to escape and find new opportunities --killed the notion of hereditary landed aristocracy
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What did the Government set the frontier aside for?
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National Parks Yellowstone was created in 1872
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Where do we go now that the frontier is being taken over because we already did all of the things that we wanted to accomplish?
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Imperealism
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What were the new ways of farming?
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1. make subsistence farming more like a business-- if prices are high, that is good for us but bad for those who have to buy more crop= more farming more farming= a need for land a need for land= a need for machinery a need for machinery= a need for money a need for money= loans loans= debt
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What are farmers now tied to? (3)
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1. banking 2. railroads 3. manufacturing
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What were the problems with the single-crop specialization? (7)
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1. success hinges on demand for global markets (need someone that is willing to buy that crop) 2. no protection on world markets-- the US only controls the US 3. not enough cash to go around to flourish like they want 4. machines increase put[ut but need money to buy machines 5. mortgages 6. Nature (grasshoppers, droughts, floods, etc..) **California had a big drought in 1887 forcing many people to abandon their homes 7. Corporations-- "farmed" farms
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What were the causes of Agrarian Discontent? (4)
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1. Belief that the railroads were using discriminatory rates to exploit farmers 2. big businesses use high tariffs 3. belief that if gold goes up, it will hurt farmers more than if it was going down 4. belief that corporations exploit farmers because they know they ned their products to be successful
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Greenback Party
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--appealed to inflation --wanted to improve labor
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Grangers Objectives
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--to enhance the lives of isolated farmers through social, education, and fraternal activities --established cooperatively owned stores for consumers and cooperatively owned grain elevators and warehouses for producers --attempted to manufacture harvesting machinery --strove to regulate railway rates and the storage fees charged by railroads and by the opetators of warehouses and grain elevators
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Farmers Alliance Objectives
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--farmers that came together in the Alliance to socialize and break the strangling grip of the railroads and manufacturers through cooperative buying and selling --ignored landless tenant farmers, sharecroppers, and farmworkers --excluded blacks
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What were the Populist parties objectives? (5)
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1. to unite discontented farmers by improving their economic conditions 2. increase silver coinage 3. organize cooperative marketing societies 4. supported Bryan in 1896 Election 5. protect discrimination against small customers with Interstate Congress Act
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Why did the Populist Party Fail? (6)
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1. West/ Southern farmers didn't agree on political strategies 2. racism prevented poor whites and blacks from working together 3. increase in population in cities made higher agricultural prices 4. new gold discoveries made easier credit 5. Democrats absorbed most of their programs so some of them turned into democrats 6. Bryan lost the 1896 Election
