question

At the conclusion of the Civil War, General Ulysses S. Grant

answer

accepted gifts of houses and money from citizens

question

As a result of the Civil War

answer

waste, extravagance, speculation, and graft reduced the moral stature of the Republic.

question

In the late nineteenth century, those political candidates who campaigned by "waving the bloody shirt" were reminding voters

answer

of the "treason" of the Confederate Democrats during the Civil War

question

Which one of the following is least related to the other three? a. Jim Fisk b. "Black Friday" c. Jay Gould d. "Ohio Idea" e. Wall Street gold market

answer

D

question

One weapon that was used to put Boss Tweed, leader of New York City's infamous Tweed Ring, in jail was

answer

the cartoons of the political satirist Thomas Nast.

question

The Crédit Mobilier scandal involved

answer

railroad construction kickbacks.

question

In an attempt to avoid prosecution for their corrupt dealings, the owners of Crédit Mobilizer

answer

distributed shares of the company's valuable stock to key congressmen.

question

President Ulysses S. Grant was reelected in 1872 because

answer

his opponents chose a poor candidate for the presidency.

question

Match each politician below with the Republican political faction with which he was associated. A. Roscoe Conkling 1. "Half-Breeds" B. James Blaine 2. Stalwarts C. Horace Greeley 3. Regular Republicans D. Ulysses Grant 4. Liberal Republicans

answer

A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

question

One cause of the panic that broke in 1873 was

answer

the construction of more factories than existing markets would bear

question

As a solution to the panic or depression of 1873, debtors suggested

answer

inflationary policies

question

One result of Republican "hard money" policies was

answer

the formation of the Greenback Labor party

question

Those who enjoyed a successful political career in the post-Civil War decades were usually

answer

party loyalists

question

During the Gilded Age, the Democrats and the Republicans

answer

had few significant economic differences.

question

The presidential elections of the 1870s and 1880s

answer

aroused great interest among voters.

question

One reason for the extremely high voter turnouts and partisan fervor of the Gilded Age was

answer

sharp ethnic and cultural differences in the membership of the two parties

question

During the Gilded Age, the lifeblood of both the Democratic and the Republican parties was

answer

political patronage

question

"Spoilsmen" was the label attached to those who

answer

expected government jobs from their party's elected officeholders

question

The major problem in the 1876 presidential election centered on

answer

the two sets of election returns submitted by Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana.

question

The Compromise of 1877 resulted in

answer

the withdrawal of federal troops from the South

question

The sequence of presidential terms of the "forgettable presidents" of the Gilded Age (including Cleveland's two nonconsecutive terms) was

answer

Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Cleveland, Harrison, Cleveland.

question

At the end of Reconstruction, Southern whites disenfranchised African Americans with

answer

poll taxes (made illegal in federal elections via the 24th amendment in 1964, and in state elections subsequent to the via supreme court ruling.) literacy tests (made illegal by the voting rights act of 1965), grandfather clauses (made illegal by supreme court decision in 1915), and economic intimidation

question

The legal codes that established the system of segregation were

answer

called Jim Crow laws.

question

The presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes opened with

answer

scenes of class warfare

question

The railroad of 1877 started when

answer

the four largest railroads cut salaries by ten percent.

question

Labor unrest during the Hayes administration stemmed from

answer

the collapse of the steel industry.

question

Labor unrest in the 1870s and 1880s resulted in

answer

the use of federal troops during strikes

question

In the wake of anti-Chinese violence in California, the United States Congress

answer

passed a law prohibiting the immigration of Chinese laborers to America.

question

Which of the following internal developments in China resulted in Chinese immigration to the United States?

answer

boxer rebellion

question

One of the main reasons that the Chinese came to the United States was to

answer

dig for gold

question

The Chinese word tong means

answer

meeting hall

question

Abraham Lincoln was the first president to be assassinated while in office; the second was

answer

James Garfield

question

President James A. Garfield was assassinated

answer

by a deranged, disappointed office seeker.

question

The Pendleton Act required appointees to public office to

answer

take a competitive examination

question

With the passage of the Pendleton Act, politicians now sought money from

answer

big corporations

question

The 1884 election contest between James G. Blaine and Grover Cleveland was noted for

answer

its personal attacks on the two candidates.

question

Which one of the following Gilded Age presidents had a different party affiliation from the other four?

answer

Grover Cleveland

question

When he was president, Grover Cleveland's hands-off approach to government gained the support of

answer

businesspeople

question

In the presidential election of 1868, Ulysses S. Grant

answer

owed his victory to the votes of former slaves.

question

On the issue of the tariff, President Grover Cleveland

answer

advocated a lower rate

question

The major campaign issue of the 1888 presidential election was

answer

tariff policy

question

In the latter decades of the nineteenth century, it was generally true that the locus of political power was

answer

Congress.

question

The "Billion-Dollar Congress" quickly disposed of rising government surpluses by

answer

expanding pensions for Civil War veterans.

question

Which of the following was not among the platform planks adopted by the Populist Party in their convention of 1892?

answer

d. government guarantees of "parity prices" for farmers

question

The four states completely carried by the Populists in the election of 1892 were

answer

Kansas, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada.

question

The early Populist campaign to create a coalition of white and black farmers ended in

answer

a racist backlash that eliminated black voting in the South.

question

The political developments of the l890s were largely shaped by

answer

the most severe and extended economic depression up to that time.

question

Economic unrest and the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act led to the rise of the pro-silver leader

answer

William Jennings Bryan.

question

President Grover Cleveland aroused widespread public anger by his action of

answer

borrowing $65 million in gold from J.P. Morgan's banking syndicate.

question

The greatest political beneficiary of the backlash against President Cleveland in the Congressional elections of 1894 were

answer

the Republicans.

question

When private railroad promoters asked the United States government for subsidies to build their railroads, they gave all of the following reasons for their request except that it was

answer

impossible to serve military and postal needs without government help

question

During the Gilded Age, most of the railroad barons

answer

built their railroads with government assistance

question

The national government helped to finance transcontinental railroad construction in the late nineteenth century by providing railroad corporations with

answer

land grants.

question

Match each railroad company below with the correct entrepreneur. A. James J. Hill 1. Central Pacific B. Cornelius Vanderbilt 2. New York Central C. Leland Stanford 3. Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe 4. Great Norther

answer

A-4, B-2, C-1

question

The only transcontinental railroad built without government aid was the

answer

Great Northern.

question

One by-product of the development of the railroads was

answer

the movement of people to cities.

question

The greatest single factor helping to spur the amazing industrialization of the post-Civil War years was

answer

the railroad network.

question

The United States changed to standard time zones when

answer

the major rail lines decreed common fixed times so that they could keep schedules and avoid wrecks.

question

Agreements between railroad corporations to divide the business in a given area and share the profits were called

answer

pools.

question

Early railroad owners formed "pools" in order to

answer

...

question

Efforts to regulate the monopolizing practices of railroad corporations first came in the form of action by

answer

...

question

One of the most significant aspects of the Interstate Commerce Act was that it

answer

represented the first large-scale attempt by the federal government to regulate business.

question

After the Civil War, the plentiful supply of unskilled labor in the United States

answer

...

question

One of the methods by which post-Civil War business leaders increased their profits was

answer

elimination of as much competition as possible.

question

Match each entrepreneur below with the field of enterprise with which he is historically identified. A. Andrew Carnegie 1. interlocking directorate B. John D. Rockefeller 2. trust C. J. Pierpont Morgan 3. vertical integration 4. pool

answer

A-3, B-2, C-1

question

Match each entrepreneur below with the field of enterprise with which he is historically identified. A. Andrew Carnegie 1. steel B. John D. Rockefeller 2. oil C. J. Pierpont Morgan 3. tobacco D. James Duke 4. banking

answer

A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3

question

The steel industry owed much to the inventive genius of

answer

Henry Bessemer.

question

J.P. Morgan undermined competition by placing officers of his bank on the boards of supposedly independent companies that he wanted to control. This method was known as a(n)

answer

interlocking dictorate

question

America's first billion-dollar corporation was

answer

United States Steel.

question

The first major product of the oil industry was

answer

kerosene

question

The oil industry became a huge business

answer

using federal agents to break his competitors

question

John D. Rockefeller used all of the following tactics to achieve his domination of the oil industry except

answer

using federal agents to break his competitors

question

The "gospel of wealth," which associated godliness with riches,

answer

held that the wealthy should display moral responsibility for their God-given money.

question

To help corporations, the courts ingeniously interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment, which was designed to protect the rights of ex-slaves, so as to

answer

avoid corporate regulation by the states.

question

The _______________ Amendment was especially helpful to giant corporations when defending themselves against regulation by state governments.

answer

fourteenth

question

During the age of industrialization, the South

answer

remained overwhelmingly rural and agricultural.

question

The South's major attraction for potential investors was

answer

cheap labor

question

In the late nineteenth century, tax benefits and cheap, nonunion labor especially attracted _______________ manufacturing to the "new South."

answer

textile

question

Many Southerners saw employment in the textile mills as

answer

the only steady jobs and wages available.

question

One of the greatest changes that industrialization brought about in the lives of workers was

answer

the need for them to adjust their lives to the time clock.

question

The group most affected by the new industrial age was

answer

women

question

Despite generally rising wages in the late nineteenth century, industrial workers were extremely vulnerable to all of the following except

answer

new educational requirements for jobs

question

The image of the "Gibson Girl" represented

answer

a romantic ideal of the independent and athletic "new woman."

question

Most women workers of the 1890s worked for

answer

economic necessity.

question

Which one of the following is least like the other three?

answer

closed shop

question

Generally, the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth century interpreted the Constitution in such a way as to favor

answer

corporations.

question

Match each labor organization below with the correct description. A. National Labor Union 1. the "one big union" that championed producer cooperatives and industrial arbitration B. Knights of Labor 2. a social-reform union killed by the depression of the 1870s C. American Federation of Labor 3. an association of unions pursuing higher wages, shorter working hours, and better working conditions

answer

A-2, B-1, C-3

question

In its efforts on behalf of workers, the National Labor Union won

answer

an eight-hour day for government workers

question

One group barred from membership in the Knights of Labor was

answer

Chinese

question

The Knights of Labor believed that conflict between capital and labor would disappear when

answer

labor would own and operate businesses and industries.

question

The Knights of Labor believed that republican traditions and institutions could be preserved from corrupt monopolies

answer

by strengthening the economic and political independence of the workers.

question

One of the major reasons the Knights of Labor failed was its

answer

lack of class consciousness

question

The most effective and most enduring labor union of the post-Civil War period was the

answer

American Federation of Labor

question

By 1900, American attitudes toward labor began to change as the public came to recognize the right of workers to bargain collectively and strike. Nevertheless,

answer

the vast majority of employers continued to fight organized labor.

question

By 1900, organized labor in America

answer

had begun to develop a more positive image with the public.

question

The people who found fault with the "captains of industry" mostly argued that these men

answer

built their corporate wealth and power by exploiting workers.

question

Even historians critical of the captains of industry and capitalism generally concede that class-based protest has never been a powerful force in the United States because

answer

America has greater social mobility than Europe has.

question

All of the following were important factors in post-Civil War industrial expansion except

answer

immigration restrictions.

question

The tremendously rapid growth of American cities in the post-Civil War decades was

answer

a trend that affected Europe as well.

question

The major factor in drawing country people off the farms and into the big cities was

answer

the availability of industrial jobs

question

The first federal regulatory agency designed to protect the public interest from business combinations was the

answer

Interstate Commerce Commission.

question

The New Immigrants who came to the United States after 1880

answer

were culturally different from previous immigrants.

question

Most Italian immigrants to the United States between 1880 and 1920 came to escape

answer

the poverty and backwardness of southern Italy.

question

A "bird of passage" was an immigrant who

answer

came to America to work for a short time and then returned to Europe

question

Most New Immigrants

answer

tried to preserve their Old Country culture in America.

question

In the new urban environment, most liberal Protestants

answer

rejected biblical literalism and adapted religious ideas to modern culture.

question

Settlement houses such as Hull House engaged in all of the following activities except

answer

instruction in socialism.

question

The place that offered the greatest opportunities for American women in the period 1865-1900 was

answer

the big city.

question

Labor unions favored immigration restriction because most immigrants were all of the following except

answer

opposed to factory labor

question

The religious denomination that responded most favorably to the New Immigration was

answer

Roman Catholics.

question

Booker T. Washington believed that the key to political and civil rights for African Americans was

answer

economic independence

question

As a leader of the African American community, Booker T. Washington

answer

promoted black self-help but did not challenge segregation.

question

Match each of these late-nineteenth-century writers with the theme of his work: A. Lewis Wallace 1. success and honor as the products of honesty and hard work B. Horatio Alger 2. anti-Darwinism support for the Holy Scriptures C. Henry James 3. contemporary social problems like divorce, labor strikes, and socialism D. William Dean Howells 4. psychological realism and the dilemmas of sophisticated women.

answer

A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

question

American novelists' turn from romanticism and transcendentalism to rugged social realism reflected the

answer

because they accepted the idea that a free government cannot function without educated citizens.

question

Which of the following prominent post-Civil War writers did not reflect the increased attention to social problems by those from less affluent backgrounds?

answer

Henry Adams.

question

In the decades after the Civil War, changes in sexual attitudes and practices were reflected in all of the following except

answer

more children being born out of wedlock.

question

In the course of the late nineteenth century,

answer

family size gradually declined.

question

By 1900, advocates of women's suffrage

answer

argued that the vote would enable women to extend their roles as mothers and homemakers to the public world.

question

The American Protective Association

answer

supported immigration restrictions.

question

The new, research-oriented modern American university tended to

answer

de-emphasize religious and moral instruction in favor of pratical subjects and professional specialization.

question

The "pragmatists" were a school of American philosophers who emphasized

answer

the provisional and fallible nature of knowledge and value of ideas that solved problems.

question

Americans offered growing support for a free public education system

answer

because they accepted the idea that a free government cannot function without educated citizens.

question

The post-Civil War era witnessed

answer

an increase in compulsory school-attendance laws.

question

That a "talented tenth" of American blacks should lead the race to full social and political equality with whites was the view of

answer

W. E. B. Du Bois.

question

The Morrill Act of 1862

answer

granted public lands to states to support higher education.

question

Black leader Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois

answer

demanded complete equality for African Americans.

question

In the decades after the Civil War, college education for women

answer

became much more common.

question

Which of the following was not among the major new research universities founded in the post-Civil War era?

answer

Harvard University

question

During the industrial revolution, life expectancy

answer

measurably increased

question

The public library movement across America was greatly aided by the generous financial support from

answer

Andrew Carnegie.

question

American newspapers expanded their circulation and public attention by

answer

printing sensationalist stories of sex and scandal.

question

Henry George believed that the root of social inequality and social injustice lay in

answer

landowners who gained unearned wealth from rising land values.

question

Henry George argued that the windfall real estate profits caused by rising land prices should be

answer

taxed at a 100 percent rate by the government.

question

General Lewis Wallace's book Ben Hur

answer

defended Christianity against Darwinism.

question

135. Match each of these late-nineteenth-century writers with the theme of his work. A. Lewis Wallace 1. success and honor as the products of honesty and hard work B. Horatio Alger 2. anti-Darwinism support for the Holy Scriptures C. Henry James 3. contemporary social problems like divorce, labor strikes, and socialism D. William Dean Howells 4. psychological realism and the dilemmas of sophisticated women.

answer

A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

question

American novelists' turn from romanticism and transcendentalism to rugged social realism reflected the

answer

materialism and conflicts of the new industrial society.

question

Which of the following prominent post-Civil War writers did not reflect the increased attention to social problems by those from less affluent backgrounds?

answer

Henry Adams.

question

In the decades after the Civil War, changes in sexual attitudes and practices were reflected in all of the following except

answer

more children being born out of wedlock.

question

In the course of the late nineteenth century,

answer

family size gradually declined.

question

By 1900, advocates of women's suffrage

answer

argued that the vote would enable women to extend their roles as mothers and homemakers to the public world.

question

One of the most important factors leading to an increased divorce rate in the late nineteenth century was the

answer

stresses of urban life.

question

The National American Woman Suffrage Association

answer

limited its membership to whites.

question

The growing prohibition movement especially reflected the concerns of

answer

middle class women.

question

The term Richardsonian in the late nineteenth century pertained to

answer

architecture

Apush Ch 23-26 Test Questions – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards