AP psych prologue – Flashcards

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Edward Titchener was concerned primarily with the study of
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Sensory experiences
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The early school of psychology that used introspection to discover elements of mind was known as
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Structuralism
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Who was the functionalist who authored a textbook for the emerging discipline of psychology?
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James
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Ivan Pavlov pioneered the study of
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learning
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Compared with the structuralists, early behaviorists were much less likely to focus on the study of
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thinking
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The scientific study of people's behavioral responses to different situations was of special interest to
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B.F Skinner
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Professor Schroeder argues that children have an innate concept of justice that enables them to distinguish between fair and unfair rules. This argument is most consistent with the views of
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Plato
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In the context of debates over the origins of ideas, nature is to nurture as ________ is to Locke.
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Descartes
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Debates as to whether alcohol abuse is biologically determined or culturally influenced are most relevant to the issue of
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Nature versus nurture
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An integrated explanation of human behavior provided by the neuroscience, cognitive, social-cultural, and other perspectives in psychology is most clearly provided by
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a biopsychosocial approach
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Understanding why the fear of darkness may have contributed to the survival of our human ancestors is most relevant to the ________ perspective.
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Evolutionary
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Which perspective would be most helpful for understanding the role of spaced practice on long-term memory of information?
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Cognitive
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Inherited traits are to learned habits as the ________ perspective is to the ________ perspective
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Evolutionary;behavioral
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Basic research on persistent human traits like optimism and pessimism is most characteristic of the specialty known as ________ psychology
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Personality
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Professor Thurstone investigates whether a teacher's negative perceptions of some students can affect the students' test scores. Professor Thurstone is most likely a ________ psychologist.
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Social
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To study inner sensations, images, and feelings, Edward Titchner used a research tool known as
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introspection
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Which school of psychology was most clearly concerned with the adaptive value of complex mental processes?
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functionalism (how mental and behavioral process function- how they enable us to survive, adapt, and flourish
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Wilhelm Wundt was both a
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physiologist and philosopher
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The growth potential of healthy people was emphasized by
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humanistic psychology
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A study of the relationship between reasoning capacities and brain functions would be of most direct interest to
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cognitive neuroscience
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The suggestion that psychology is less a set of facts than a method of evaluating ideas best highlights the ________ character of psychology.
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scientific
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In debating the origins of human traits, Plato and Aristotle disagreed about the relative importance of
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nature and nurture
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The importance of inherited behavioral traits was most clearly highlighted by
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Charles Darwin
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Professor Reed attempts to assess the relative contributions of heredity and home environment on children's susceptibility to depression. Her research best illustrates the concerns of the ________ perspective. How much our genes and our environment influence our individual differences
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behavior genetics
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Which perspective is most relevant to understanding the links between hormone levels and sexual motivation? How the body and brain enable emotions, memories and sensory experiences
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Neuroscience
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Focusing on the extent to which personality is influenced by motives outside our own awareness is most relevant to the ________ perspective.
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Psychodynamic
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The marriage rituals of different ethnic groups is of most relevance to the _______ perspective.
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Social-cultural
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Professor Helms conducts basic research on the progressive changes in infants' perceptual skills during the first year of life. Professor Helms is most likely a ________ psychologist
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Developmental
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Dr. Stevens provides psychotherapy to people who suffer from excessive anxiety. Dr. Stevens is most likely a ________ psychologist.
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Clinical
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SQ3R is an acronym for an effective
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Study method Survey, Question, Read, Rehearse, and Review
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Sigmund Freud
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developed an influential theory of personality
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Jean Piaget
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the last century's most influential observer of children
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Behaviorism
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The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental process
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Humanistic Psychology
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Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individuals potential for personal growth
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Cognitive neuroscience (Cognitive psychologists)
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The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, money and language)
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psychology
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The science of behavior and mental process
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What are the enduring issues in Psych
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Nature-Nurture Stability change Diversity
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Nature-Nurture
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a behavior caused by factors inside the person outside genetics-enviornment
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Stability change
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people remain unchanged vs changed
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Diversity-universality
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how are we different vs the same
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Natural selection
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The principle that among the rage of inherited trait variations, those contributing the reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generationg
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Levels of analysis
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The differing complementary views from biological to psychological to social, culture for analyzing any given phenomenon
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Biopsychosocial approach
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An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social cultural levels of analysis
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Basic research
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Pure science that aims to increase scientific knowledge base
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Applied research
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Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
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Counseling Psychology
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A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to work or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being
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Clinical psychology
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A branch of psychology that studies, and treats people with psychological disorders, mental and emotional
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Psychiatry
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A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physician's who sometimes provide medicine (drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy
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Personality psychologists
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study how people differ from one another
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Social Psychologist
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Study how people influence one another and group behavior
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Industrial and organizational psychologists
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study of psychological principle in industry and business
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Forensic Psychologist
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studies legal issues, animal mines, insanity
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Evolutionary psychologist
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identifies behavior that are a result of genetic ancestors
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Environmental psychologists
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studies relationships between people and their physical environment
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Cross culture psychologist
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investigates similarities and difference in psychological functioning among ethnicity
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Sports Psychologist
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applies psychology to sports and exercise, motivation and social aspects of sports
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