question

Reform movements emerged in America in the mid-nineteenth century in part because of a

answer

desire for social stability and discipline in the face of change.

question

The most important and popular American paintings of the first half of the nineteenth century set out to

answer

evoke the wonder of the nation's landscape.

question

In the mid-nineteenth century, the general European attitude toward American art and literature

answer

was that American artists had little to offer Europe.

question

The Hudson River School of painters emphasized in their work the importance of

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natural beauty.

question

All of the following painters were associated with the Hudson River School EXCEPT

answer

James Whistler.

question

Which of the following features was NOT a characteristic of the Hudson River School?

answer

a belief that democracy was the best source of wisdom and spiritual fulfillment

question

All of the following people helped create a distinct American literature EXCEPT

answer

Sydney Smith.

question

Through novels such as The Last of the Mohicans, James Fenimore Cooper examined the significance of

answer

the disorder of America's westward expansion.

question

Walt Whitman

answer

celebrated the liberation of the individual.

question

Herman Melville's most important literary work was

answer

Moby Dick

question

The writings of Edgar Allan Poe were

answer

primarily sad and macabre.

question

Southern writers such as Augustus B. Longstreet, Joseph G. Baldwin, and Johnson J. Hooper

answer

developed a realist tradition that focused on the lives of ordinary people.

question

Transcendentalists

answer

regarded reason to be the most important human faculty.

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The transcendentalist writer Ralph Waldo Emerson

answer

asserted that through nature, individuals could find personal fulfillment.

question

The transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau

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argued Americans had a moral right to disobey the laws of the United States.

question

The transcendentalist movement

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anticipated the environmental protection movement of the twentieth century.

question

The goal of the 1840s community experiment known as Brook Farm was partly to

answer

help individuals link the world of the intellect to the world of instinct and nature.

question

Who among the following was NOT a participant in American communal living?

answer

Walt Whitman

question

One of the most enduring of the pre-Civil War utopian colonies was

answer

Oneida

question

In redefining gender roles, the experimental 1840s Oneida Community

answer

carefully monitored sexual behavior in order to protect women.

question

Which of the following was arguably the most distinctive feature of Shakerism?

answer

complete celibacy

question

Shaker societies

answer

saw women exercise more power than men.

question

Mormonism

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believed in human perfectibility.

question

Which statement about Mormonism is FALSE?

answer

It developed a very fluid, loose social structure.

question

Nineteenth-century Protestant revivalists such as the New Light revivalists

answer

argued that personal salvation could be achieved by individual effort.

question

In the 1840s, the organized movement against drunkenness in the United States

answer

linked alcohol to crime and poverty.

question

In the 1830s and 1840s, cholera epidemics in the United States

answer

typically killed more than half of those who contracted the disease.

question

According to the nineteenth-century "science" of phrenology, what could be discerned from the shape of an individual's skull?

answer

character and intelligence

question

During the nineteenth century, the largest obstacle to improved medical care in America was the

answer

absence of basic knowledge about disease.

question

In the 1840s in the United States, an initial understanding of germ theory was developed by

answer

Oliver Wendell Holmes.

question

Prior to 1860, public education in the United States

answer

gave the nation one of the highest literacy rates in the world.

question

The nineteenth-century reformer Horace Mann believed that education should promote

answer

democracy

question

The Massachusetts reformer who built a national movement for new methods of treating the mentally ill was

answer

Dorothea Dix.

question

Prior to 1860, prison reform in the United States

answer

included the practice of solitary confinement.

question

The nineteenth-century practice of placing American Indians on reservations was partially designed to

answer

allow them to develop to a point where they could assimilate into white society.

question

In 1840, one catalyst for an American feminist movement was a London convention that dealt with

answer

the abolition of slavery.

question

The 1848 Seneca Falls, New York, convention on women's rights

answer

issued a manifesto patterned after the Declaration of Independence.

question

Prior to the Civil War, the religious denomination most active in feminism was the

answer

Quakers.

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Which of the following nineteenth-century leaders is primarily known for her pioneering work in the American feminist movement?

answer

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

question

In the early nineteenth century, the American Colonization Society

answer

was founded by white Virginians opposed to slavery.

question

The American Colonization Society helped to transport blacks from the United States to

answer

Liberia

question

William Lloyd Garrison believed the abolitionist movement should

answer

stress the damage that slavery did to blacks rather than to whites.

question

Prior to the Civil War, free blacks in the North tended to be

answer

strongly opposed to southern slavery.

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The black abolitionist who called for uncompromising opposition to and a violent overthrow of slavery in his 1829 pamphlet was

answer

David Walker.

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Frederick Douglass

answer

spent years lecturing in England against slavery.

question

In the 1830s, abolitionists in the United States constituted

answer

a small percentage of the national population.

question

One leading abolitionist who was murdered for his activism was

answer

Elijah Lovejoy.

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In the 1830s and 1840s, abolitionists were divided

answer

All these answers are correct.

question

In the 1840s, William Lloyd Garrison spoke against

answer

defensive wars.

question

The Supreme Court ruling in Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842)

answer

led to the passage of "personal liberty laws."

question

Prior to the Civil War, the Liberty Party

answer

promoted "free soil."

question

The effect of Uncle Tom's Cabin on the nation was to

answer

spread the message of abolitionism to an enormous new audience.

question

Above all, nineteenth-century reform movements in the United States promoted racial equality.

answer

false

question

The romantic movement was invented by American intellectual circles.

answer

false

question

Hudson River School artists felt America had more promise than Europe.

answer

true

question

Many of the Hudson River School artists expressed a nostalgic view of nature.

answer

true

question

James Fenimore Cooper thought Americans should become more like Europeans.

answer

false

question

Herman Melville was less exuberant in his celebration of the human spirit than was Walt Whitman.

answer

true

question

Edgar Allan Poe's writings focused on the bleak nature of the human spirit and emotions.

answer

true

question

Mark Twain was the leading writer in the southern romantic tradition.

answer

false

question

American transcendentalists borrowed heavily from European thinkers.

answer

true

question

Ralph Waldo Emerson started as a minister and became a transcendentalist philosopher.

answer

true

question

Henry David Thoreau favored the solitary life, but was publicly against civil disobedience.

answer

false

question

Both Brook Farm and New Harmony were essentially failures as communal experiments.

answer

true

question

The Oneida Community sought to redefine gender roles and engage in "free love."

answer

false

question

Both the Oneida Community and the Shakers were committed to celibacy.

answer

false

question

Like other mid-nineteenth-century experiments in social organization, Mormons believed in human perfectibility.

answer

true

question

The Mormons were forced to abandon their settlement at Nauvoo due to persecution from neighbors.

answer

true

question

The search for social discipline was particularly clear in the battle over prohibition laws, which pitted established Catholics against new Protestants immigrants, to many of whom drinking was an important social ritual and an integral part of the life of their communities.

answer

false

question

Evangelical Protestantism was at odds with the reform spirit of the pre-Civil War period.

answer

false

question

Nearly a quarter of the population of New Orleans died in 1833 as a result of a cholera outbreak.

answer

true

question

Sylvester Graham encouraged people to eat more fruits and vegetables and less meat.

answer

true

question

The study of the human brain through phrenology was the origin of modern psychology.

answer

false

question

Most early nineteenth-century American physicians opposed efforts to regulate the profession. They considered the licensing of physicians to be "undemocratic."

answer

true

question

By the 1850s, the principle of tax-supported elementary schools had been established in every state.

answer

true

question

By 1860, public schools in the United States had failed to produce significant improvement in education.

answer

false

question

By the beginning of the Civil War, the United States had one of the highest literacy rates of any nation of the world.

answer

true

question

Horace Mann believed public education should promote both democracy and social order.

answer

true

question

Many reformers of the pre-Civil War period thought it was possible to rehabilitate criminals through solitary confinement.

answer

true

question

Reformers that supported the concept of Indian reservations believed them to be beneficial to both whites and Indians.

answer

true

question

By the 1840s, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott sought to apply the equality of treatment they received in the abolition movement to all aspects of female life.

answer

false

question

The Seneca Falls "Declaration of Sentiments" included a demand that women have the right to vote.

answer

true

question

The American Colonization Society called for the gradual freeing of slaves and monetary compensation to slaves' former owners.

answer

true

question

Many blacks rejected the American Colonization Society's offer to return them to Africa.

answer

true

question

In the North, abolitionists were a small, dissenting minority of the total population.

answer

true

question

William Lloyd Garrison was assassinated for his advocacy of abolitionism.

answer

false

question

William Lloyd Garrison was a harsh critic of the United States government.

answer

true

question

Not many abolitionists believed that Congress could constitutionally interfere with a "domestic" institution such as slavery within the individual states themselves.

answer

true

question

The antislavery Liberty Party never campaigned for outright abolitionism.

answer

true

question

Americans in the free-soil movement sought to open up sections of the West to blacks.

answer

false

question

The events depicted in Uncle Tom's Cabin were taken from news accounts.

answer

false

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