APUSH Ch 10 Henretta Key Terms – Flashcards
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caucus
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definition: meeting of political leaders significance: Van Buren insisted on disciplined voting as determined by a caucus to ensure the passage of the party's legislative program
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American System
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definition: the mercantilist system of national economic development advocated by Henry Clay significance: It was to strengthen the Second Bank of the US, raise tariffs, and use the tariff revenues to finance internal improvements
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corrupt bargain
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definition: Adams appointing Clay as Secretary of State and Clay's appointment was politically fatal for both men. Jackson's supporters accused Clay & Adams of making corrupt bargain significance: Jackson's supporters vowed to oppose Adam's policies and to prevent Clay's rise to presidency
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consolidated gov't
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definition: a powerful and potentially oppressive national administration significance: Van Buren opposed this form of gov't
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Tariff of Abominations
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definition: new tariff in the South which produced world's cheapest raw cotton and didn't need to protect its main industry significance: Tariff was a little less than a legalized pillage and costed southern planters about $100 million a year.
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nullification
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definition: the argument that a state has the right to void, within its borders significance: South Carolina's act of nullification rested on constitutional arguments developed in a document written by John C. Calhoun which gave localists interpretation to the federal union. His argument reflected on the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions.
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state's rights
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definition: an interpretation of the Constitution that promotes the sovereignty of that states and restrict the authority of the national gov't significance: each state has some control over the laws and legislation necessary to run their state.
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Second Bank of the US
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definition: privately managed and operated under a 20 year charter from federal gov't which owned 20% of its stock significance: It was to stabilize the nation's money and supply, which consisted primarily of notes and bills of credit (paper money - issued by state-charted banks.)
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Indian Act Removal of 1830
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definition: directed mandatory relocation of eastern tribes to territory west of the Mississippi significance: The Act created the Indian Territory on national lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase; it promised money and reserved land to Native American people who would give up their ancestral holdings east of the Mississippi River
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Trail of Tears
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definition: forced westward journey of Cherokees from their lands in Georgia to present-day Oklahoma in 1838 significance: 3,000 Indians died due to starvation and exposure
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classical liberalism/laissez faire
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definition: the principle that the less government does, the better the economy significance: Limited government's role to the economy and revised constitutions prohibited states from granting special charters to corporations and extending loans and credit guarantees to private businesses; protected taxpayers by setting strict limits on state debts and encouraging judges to enforce them
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Whigs
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definition: the second national party significance: Rise of the democracy and Jackson's presidency sparked the creation of the second national party; the party identified itself with the pre-Revolutionary American and British parties that had opposed the arbitrary actions of British monarchs
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Panic of 1837
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definition: second major economic crisis of the US significance: threw the American economy and worker's movement into disarray
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Specie Circular
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definition: executive order that required the Treasury Department to accept only gold and silver in payment for lands in the national domain significance: created by Jackson as a reaction to the growth of paper money and credit and it was the cause of inflation. Many also blame it for the Panic of 1837.
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ethnocultural politics
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definition: practice of voting along ethnic and religious lines significance: became a prominent feature of American life
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Martin Van Buren
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definition: chief architect of the emerging system of party gov't significance: repudiated the Van Ness clan's tutelage and set out to create a political order based on party identity; turned his Bucktail supporters into the first statewide political machine.
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John Quincy Adams
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definition: Secretary of State; son of John Adams; 6th president of the US significance: called for bold national action, establishment of a national university in Washington, endorsed the American System.
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Henry Clay
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definition: Speaker of the H.O.R.; a compromiser significance: advocated the American System
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Andrew Jackson
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definition: a Senator from Tennessee; led and won the Battle of the New Orleans significance: his rise from common origins symbolized the new democratic age
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john C. Calhoun
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definition: Secretary of War, leader of the war hawks significance: wrote the South Carolina Exposition and Protest in 1828; his constitutional doctrines reflected the arguments advanced by Jefferson and Madison in the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
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Daniel Websters
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definition: Senator of Massachusetts significance: presented a nationalist interpretation that celebrated popular sovereignty and Congress's responsibility to secure the general welfare
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Nicholas Biddle
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definition: the president of the Second Bank of the US significance: was resented by many politicians due to his arrogance
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Roger B. Taney
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definition: successor of John Marshall; became the chief justice in 1835 significance: reversed the nationalist and vested-property-rights decisions of the Marshall court and gave constitutional legitimacy to Jackson's policies of state's rights and free enterprise
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John Tyler
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definition: VP of the Whig party significance: betrayed the Whig party by vetoing Whig bills that would have raised tariffs and created a new national bank; he was expelled from the Whigs.
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