Approaches – Flashcards

-focus on change in personality as a result of subconscious activity - intelligence is passed on from parents (somehow) -freud and little hans -gender and culture bias -defence mechanisms (denial , displacement, and repression) -structure of the personality (Id, ego, and superego) -oedipus complex = fear of having genitals removed because of desire for parent of opposite sex -psychosexual stages = the different ways children to preteen display sexual affections -good scientific method -pioneering because of observable methods

-nervous system = responsible for controlling the bodies movement, responses and thought processes -neurochemistry / cognitive neuroscience = looking at chemical sequences in the nervous system (neurochemistry) and brain (Cognitive neuroscience) on a neural level. -genotype = inherited genetic make-up -phenotype = appearance due to genotypes interaction with environment -neuroimaging = taking pictures of the brain -Central Nervous System (Control movement) (brain and spinal cord) -Peripheral Nervous System (Control of hormones and emotions) (all other nerves) -neurotransmitter = transfers impulses along the body -4 lobes of the brain : -frontal / front / Thoughts -occipital / back / vision -proveital / top / movement -temporal / Sides / hearing

-behaviour must be modelled then imitated (copied) -vicarious reinforcement = if when observing, the model experiences reinforcement, the observer is much more likely to imitate -bandura and the bobo doll -meditational processes = mental process between the information provided from environment and response made -issues of causality and complexity (such as if peers adopt an attitude it is likely so will the person, therefore it is not a result of association or reinforcement) -good reliability as a study testing the theory of identification causing more imitation has proved true

-pavlov and the dog = pavlov tested and conditioned his dog with a bell and food (Classical association -positive and negative reinforcement = positive is a reward for doing good / negative is reward for doing bad -operant conditioning = learning through reinforcement or punishment -classical conditioning = learning through association -most of evidence comes from animal research -good use of the experimental method -classical conditioning will only work for survival needs (such as food) -RWA of therapy for phobia using systematic desensitisation

-free will and determinism -nature vs nurture -self actualisation = highest level of maslows higheracry of needs -conditions of worth = what you must do to obtain acceptance / love from those close to you -self = self image -Congruence = how close you see yourself to your ideal self -Marlow Hierarchy of needs = each stage must be completed before moving up. often shown as pyramid. intended to be motivational. -poor scientific evidence -economic link

-introspection = teaching ppts to recall on their own mental and emotional states from examination of their conscious mind -empiricism = the belief that all knowledge comes from a sensory experience -scientific method = investigative method that is objective, replicable, valid and to the cause of manipulation of the iv, resulting in the testing and modification of the hypothesis

-simplified -computer model = referring to processes in a similar manner to computing jargon. Metaphorically. -theoretical model = drawing a simplified visual diagram such as the WMM. -schema -cognitive neuroscience -inference / inferencing = conclusions are inferred as cannot be visually definitely measured. -CBT = rectifying irrational thinking - as this causes mental illnesses. DEF. Disrupt irrational thoughts. Effects of disrupting this and effective attitude to life. Feelings that are new and appropriate installed. -scientific -ignores emotion and hormones