AP World History Vernacular – Flashcards
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social stratification
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the organization of society into hierarchy of classes
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irrigation
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supports productive agriculture
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patriarchal society
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Men are dominant in the society
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polytheism
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the belief in many gods
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monotheism
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the belief of one god
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city-state
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urban areas that controlled surrounding agricultural regions and were loosely connected in a broader political structure with other city-states.
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empire
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an extensive group of states or countries ruled over by a single monarch, an oligarchy, or a sovereign state
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metallurgy (iron and bronze)
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the branch of science and technology concerned with the the properties of metals and their production and purification
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pastoralism
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the branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock
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sedentary societies
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a society that remains in one place.
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agrarian societies
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any society whose economy is based on producing and the maintaining of crops and farmland
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settled agriculture
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humans began planting and growing the wild plants which they had been foraging, allowing for more reliable and predictable food sources
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cultivation
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the action of cultivating land or the state of being cultivated
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demographics
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statistical data relating to he population and particular groups within it
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cicvilization
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the stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced
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state
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a nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government
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empire
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an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly especially an emperor or empress.
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caste
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each of the hereditary classes of hindu society, distinguished by relative degrees of ritual purity or pollution and of social status. NO MOVING UP OR DOWN
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jati (ju-tee)
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a hindu caste or distinctive social group of which there are thousands throughout india
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social mobility
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the movemnet of individuals, families, or households, or other categories of people within or between social strata in a society
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Indo-european migration
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a large wide spread family of languages, the surviving branches of which include italic, slavic, baltic, hellenic, celtic, and indo-iranian spoken about half the world's population
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bantu migration
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bantu-speaking peoples migrated from western africa-near modern day nigeria- southward and eastward, spreading out across all of the southern half or sub-saharan africa.
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the epic of gilgamesh
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an ancient poem which may be one of the oldest stories in the world
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hammurabi's code/laws
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the 1st attempt to codify or arrange and put laws in writing
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economic specialization
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a method of production where a business or are focuses on the production of a limited scope of products or services in order to gain greater degrees of productive efficiency within the entire system of business or areas.
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cunniform
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denoting or relating to the wedge- shaped characters used in the ancient writing systems of mesopotamia impressed on clay tablets
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hieroglyphics
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writing consisting of hiroglyphics
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alphabet
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the letters of language in their customary order.
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scribes
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a person who copies out documents especially one employed to do this before printing was invented
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Phoenicians
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a member of a semitic people inhabiting ancient phoenicia and its colonies
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pharaoh
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a ruler in ancient egypt
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aryans
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relating to or denoting a people speaking an indo-european language who invaded northern india
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dravidians
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relating or denoting a family of languages spoken in southern india and siri lanka, or the peoples who speak them
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harappa & mohenjo-daro
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one of the largest cities of the ancient indus valley civilization also known as the harrapan civilization
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rig veda
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one of the vedas, a collection of 1082 hymns
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vedic age
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the period in indian history during which the vedas were composed
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abraham
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first great biblical patriarchs founder of ancient hebrew nation
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mandate of heaven
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an ancient chinese belief and philosophical idea that heaven granted emperors the right to rule based on their ability to govern well and fairly
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ancestral veneration
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the custom of worshiping deceased ancestors whose spirits are believed to have the power to intervene with the mortal realm.
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ziggurats
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ancient mesopotamia symbolized power
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pyramids
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royal tomb in ancient egypt
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chariots
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2-wheeled horse drawn vehicle used in ancient warfare and racing
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hebrews
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member of ancient people living in modern day israel; descended from abraham
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judaism
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monotheistic religion of the jews
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zoroastrianism
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monothesitic pre-islamic religion of ancient persia founded by zoroaster in the 6th century BC
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Trade: local, regional, transregional
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action of buying and selling and services local- local exchange system regional- reciprocal trade agreements between 2 or more partners transregional- trade system across nation-state lines
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