AP World History Unit 4 Test Review – Flashcards
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Xuanzang
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a Buddhist monk who escaped China to go to India
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Yang Jian
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ruler of the Sui dynasty that lasted for less than 30 years and brought all of China under centralized imperial rule once again
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Sui dynasty
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dynasty that restored centralized imperial rule over China and was founded by Yang Jian
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Sui Yangdi
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second emperor of the Sui dynasty and completed work on the Grand Canal project; he was assassinated, which caused the fall of the dynasty
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Tang dynasty
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dynasty that ruled after the Sui and lasted for almost 300 years
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Tang Taizong
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the Tang's second emperor who built a capital at Chang'an and was a Confucian ruler
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Grand Canal
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waterwork project that consisted of artificial waterways
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1240 miles
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length of the Grand Canal
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equal-field system
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ensured an equitable distribution of land and to avoid the concentration of landed property that had caused social problems during the Han
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An Lushan
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a military commander of the Tang who mounted a rebellion against the Tang that ended when he was murdered
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Luoyang
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secondary capital of the Tang dynasty
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Uighurs
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a nomadic Turkish people that was invited by the Tang to oust An Lushan from the imperial capitals
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Huang Chao
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a military commander that led an uprising that embroiled much of eastern China
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Du Fu
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considered as China's greatest poet, he wrote about the beauty of the world but fell into poverty after An Lushan's rebellion
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Song Dynasty
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Chinese dynasty that placed much more emphasis on civil administration, industry, education, and arts than on military affairs; also lasted for three centuries
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Song Taizu
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first Song emperor who organized a centralized administration that placed military forces under tight supervision
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Khitan
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a seminomadic people from Manchuria who ruled a vast empire from northern Korea to Mongolia
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Jurchen
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a nomadic people who conquered the Khitan, overran northern China, captured the Song capital, and established the Jin empire
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Hangzhou
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the second capital of the Song after moving to Southern Song
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Southern Song
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the latter part of the Song dynasty in southern China
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fast-ripening rice
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crop from Vietnam that enabled cultivators to harvest two crops per year
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Li Bo
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popular Chinese poet who wrote verses celebrating life, friendship, and wine
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foot binding
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involved the tight wrapping of young girls' feet with strips of cloth that prevented natural growth of the bones and placed women under tight supervision of their husbands
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magnetic compass
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also known as the "south-pointing needle", it was used by seafarers to navigate the oceans
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flying cash
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letters of credit that enabled merchants to deposit goods or cash at one location
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Sichuan province
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first place to have printed paper money
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Dunhuang
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a city in western China that had a rising Buddhist community
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Chan Buddhism
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a syncretic faith of Buddhism with Chinese characteristics
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neo-Confucianism
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philosophy that merged basic elements of Confucian and Buddhist thought
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Zhu Xi
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a prolific writer who was the most important representative of Song neo-Confucianism
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li
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a principle of Zhu Xi that defines the essence of the being
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qi
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the material form of li
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Nara period
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period in Japan where Chinese influence was more prominent; imperial house was moved a capital city at Nara
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Shinto
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the indigenous religion of Japan before adopting Confucian and Buddhist traditions
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Heian period
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Japanese period during the transfer of the capital from Nara to Heian where local rulers recognized the emperor as Japan's supreme political authority
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Tale of Genji
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a Japanese literary work that relates the experiences of a prince named Genji
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Murasaki Shikibu
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a lady-in-waiting at the Heian court who worte Japanese syllabic script rather than Chinese characters
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medieval period of Japan
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name of the Kamakura and Muromachi periods in Japan
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Taira and Minamoto
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two clans that overshadowed the other aristocratic clans; fought in a war in which the Minamoto won
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samurai
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professional warriors who served the provincial lords of Japan
