AP World History – Unit 3 – The Middle Ages – Flashcards
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Periodization of the Early Middle Ages
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post fall of Rome (500 - 1000 CE)
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Government of the Early Middle Ages
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lack of centralized control -Europe was divided into many different states. Each state had its own system of government. Previous Roman areas taken over by Germanic tribes.
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Feudalism
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a political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.
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Nomadic Invasions
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initiated by Vikings from Great Britain, Russia, Iceland, Greenland, Newfoundland
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Manorialism
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a structure by which the peasants of medieval Europe were rendered dependent on their land and on their lord.
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Serfdom
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the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism. It was a condition of bondage, which developed primarily during the High Middle Ages in Europe and lasted in some countries until the mid-19th century.
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Byzantine Artwork
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the artistic products of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, as well as the nations and states that inherited culturally from the empire
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Gothic Architecture
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a style of architecture that flourished in Europe during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture
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Roman Catholic Church
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The branch of Christianity headed by the pope. It is governed by a hierarchy with the pope at the top and, at the lower levels, bishops and priests.
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Cyril and Methodius
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two brothers who were Byzantine Christian theologians and Christian missionaries. ... After their deaths, their pupils continued their missionary work among other Slavs.
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Germanic tribes
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important to Roman downfall they originated in Scandinavia, from which they moved south around 1000 BCE. They claimed many Roman lands during the early middle ages.
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Society
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In medieval Europe, rural life was governed by a system scholars call "feudalism." In a feudal society, the king granted large pieces of land called fiefs to noblemen and bishops.
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Franks
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occupying modern day France, these nomadic peoples had a ruler by the name of Clovis who conquered most of the Germanic tribes by 481 CE.
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Charlemagne
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descendant of the Frankish Carolingian family from Clovis and crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III, his coronation upset the eastern Byzantine Empire causing a divide between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.
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Treaty of Verdun
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signed in August 843, was the first of the treaties that divided the Carolingian Empire into three kingdoms among the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious, the son and successor of Charlemagne. The treaty ended the three-year Carolingian Civil War.
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Tithe
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one tenth of annual produce or earnings, formerly taken as a tax for the support of the church and clergy.
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Pagan
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a person holding religious beliefs other than those of the main world religions.
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Periodization of the High Middle Ages
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saw the beginnings of the Renaissance (1000 - 1250 CE)
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Magna Carta
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a charter of liberties to which the English barons forced King John to give his assent in June 1215. Kings could not tax arbitrarily, had to consult a council of advisors, and were not above the law. Sparked the beginnings of modern democracy (after Greece).
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Periodization of the Plague (Europe)
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(c. 1348 - 1350 CE) marked as the ending of the early middle ages and the beginnings of the high middle ages.
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Spreading of the Plague
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made deadly via fleas who bit infected rats, travelling with the Mongols on their conquests to China then to Europe
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The Plague
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"The Great Pestilence","Bubonic Plague" or "Black Death" was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people and peaking in Europe in the years 1346-1353.
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Effects of the Plague
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Strassburg Germans burn Jews made out to be as scapegoats, people begin losing faith and see the corruptness of the Pope.
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Flagellants
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religious zealots of the Middle Ages in Europe who demonstrated their religious fervor and sought atonement for their sins by vigorously whipping themselves in public displays of penance.
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Government of the High Middle Ages
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based on feudalism, but very much ruled by the Pope
