AP WORLD HISTORY UNIT 2 TEST STUDY GUIDE – Flashcards
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List the Persian empires is their correct order chronologically.
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Achaemenid, Seleucid, Parthian, Sasanid
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Who was the founder of the Achaemenid empire?
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Cyrus
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Who was the greatest of the Achaemenid emperors?
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Darius
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What were Satrapies?
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administrative and taxation districts governed by satraps
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Who were the Persian "eyes and ears of the king"?
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Spies
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Which Persian king regularized tax levies and standardized laws?
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Darius
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What was the center of the Persian communications network?
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The Royal Road
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Who used the words, "neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of the appointed rounds," to describe the Persian courier service?
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Herodotus
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What were the quanats?
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Underground Canals
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Sima Qian was...
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A historian sentence to punishment by casteration
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The collection of Confucian sayings And teachings is known as the what?
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Analects
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How did Confucious think social and economical harmony can be achieved?
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Could not be solved by addressing abstruse and philosophical character
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What philosophy criticized social activism and instead proposed a life of reflection and introspection?
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Daoism
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The first ruler to unite all of China was whom?
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Qin Shihuangdi
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According to the Legalist philosophies of the Qin, what were the foundations of a states strength?
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Armed forces and agriculture
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Who founded the Han Dynasty?
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Lui Bang
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What divides the Former Han and the Later Han?
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The Reign of Wang Mang
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How did Han Wudi transform China in 124 B.C.E?
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By establishing an imperial university that prepared young man for government service
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Which popular treatise emphasized humility, obedience, subservience, in devotion to their husbands as the virtues most appropriate for women?
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Adominitions for women
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Who was the first ruler to unify India?
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Chandragupta Maurya
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Who was Kautayla?
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A systematic advisor who devised procedures for the governance of Chandragupta's realm
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What work records the harsh political philosophy of Chandragupta Maurya and Kautalya?
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Arthashastra
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Against whom did the Mauryan emperor Ashoka fight his bloodies battle?
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Kilinga
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The high point of Mauryan success came during who's reign?
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Ashoka
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What decision proved to be one of the biggest financial problem of the later Mauryan period?
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Debase the currency
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What happened to India after the collapse of the Mauryan Empire?
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India returned to a series of regional kingdoms
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The year 320 C.E. saw the creation of the Gupta dynasty by whom?
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Chandra Gupta
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Essentially, much of the responsibility of maintaining social orders in India during these years fell to whom?
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Jati
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The success and timing of trade, through the Indian Basin, largely depended on what?
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Monsoon winds
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What was the political structure of the ancient Greeks?
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Usually consisted of independent autonomous city-states.
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The Greeks used the word polis to refer to what?
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The city-state.
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The Spartans were constantly afraid of the prospect of an uprising by serfs known as the what?
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Helots.
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To whom was the Athenian Democracy open?
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All Athenian Citizens
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What Greek leader forged a compromise between Athens's social classes by allowing the aristocrats to keep their land while also providing representation for the common classes?
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Solon
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The naval loss at Salamis was viewed by which Persian King?
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Xerxes
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Who won the Peloponnesian War?
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Sparta
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In the years after the Persian War, who was the leader of the Delian League?
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Athens
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By 338 B.C.E., the Greeks have been conquered by whom?
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Phillip II
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The largest part of Alexander's conquests, essentially from the former Achaemenid empire, was taken over by whom?
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Seleucus
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According to legend, who founded Rome?
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Romulus ( and Remus)
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During its early history, who dominated Rome?
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Etruscans
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In the early ages of the Roman republic, the patricians elected two what?
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Consuls
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Which group, in and effort to alleviate social tensions, was allowed to elect two and then later ten tribunes?
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Plebeians
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During times of crisis the Romans would appoint and official with absolute power known as a what?
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Dictator
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During the Punic Wars, the Romans first fought the Carthaginians over the most important source of grains in the western Mediterranean. Where was it?
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Sicily
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What were Latifundia?
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Enormous plantations worked by slaves.
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After naming himself dictator in 46 B.C.E, what did Julius Ceasar do?
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Gave land to the conservatives to win their favor.
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Whose reign began the pax romana?
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Augustus Ceasar
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The Roman had a long tradition of written law, stretching back to 449 B.C.E. and the creation of what?
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Twelve Tables.
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What are the foundations of Roman Law?
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The principle that defendants were innocent until proven guilty, the notion that defendants had a right to challenge their accusers before a judge in a court of law, the ability to judges to set aside laws that were inequitable ( *THE RIGHT OF A PATRICIAN TO TRANSFER OUT OF A PLEBEIAN COURT WAS NOT A FOUNDATION*)
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Who fought int he Punic Wars?
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Rome and Carthage*
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From 66 to 70 C.E., the Romans fought a bloody with whom?
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Jews
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The term "paterfamilias" refers to what?
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Father of the family
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Which major religion was not popular during the Roman Empire?
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Islam
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Who was the leading figure in the expansion of Christianity beyond Judaism?
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Paul of Tarsus
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The information that Zhang Qian brought back encouraged Han Wudi to destroy the Xiongnu and lay the foundations for what?
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Silk Road
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What was a key element in establishing trade across the Indian Ocean?
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Mastering the Monsoon System
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In the ancient world, who was the main producer of silk?
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China
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In what way did Buddhism spread to China?
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By foreign merchants
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The fact that by the first century C.E. southeast Asian kings called themselves "rajas" shows how they were influenced by who?
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Iniands
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How was Christianity carried to Anatolia during the third century C.E.?
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Gregory the Wonderworker
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By around the year 600 CE the ravage of epidemic disease had caused both the Mediterranean and Chinese population to fall by how much?
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About a quarter
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In the year 184 CE peasant discontent in China led to an uprising known as the what?
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Yellow Turban Rebellion
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What happened to China after the collapse of political order and the fall of the Han Empire?
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Daoism and Buddhism became popular
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Who were the "barracks emperors"?
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The Roman emperors between 235 and 284 C.E.
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Who divided the Roman empire into two parts?
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Diocletian
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After 330 C.E., what city became the capital of the Rome world?
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Constantinople
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Chaos threatened the Roman Empire in the mid-fifth century C.E., when Germanic tribes poured into the empire for protection from whom?
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Attila
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In 410 C.E., who sacked Rome?
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Visigoths
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After the collapse of the western half of the Roman Empire, where did the imperial authority survive for another thousand years?
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Byzantine Empire
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What Roman emperor proclaimed Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire?
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Theodosius
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In the structure of the early Christian church, who presided over the dioceses?
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Bishops
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What proclamation, issued by the Emperor Constantine, allowed Christians to openly practice their religion in Rome?
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Edict of Milan
