AP World History, Classical Civilizations – Flashcards
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Classical Civilizations
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Civilizations that has enduring influence over vast numbers of people.
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Main Accomplishment of Zhou China
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Expanded Chinese territory to include the Yangtse River valley, adding fertile rice growing area.
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Main Accomplishments of Qin China
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Chinese territory expanded as far as Northern Vietnam, construction of a defensive wall (not the Great Wall,) standardized coins, and common written language.
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Main Accomplishments of Han China
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Strong governmental bureaucracy, Chinese territory in Indochina, Chinese civil service exams, Silk Road trade, paper and water mills.
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Alexander the Great
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From Macedonia and reached into India's subcontinent as far as the Indus River where he set up a border state named Bactria.
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Chandragupta
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An autocratic ruler who founded the Mauryan dynasty in India.
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Ashoka
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Grandson of Chandragupta known for brutality of his conquests. Later relaxed his behavios and connected with the Silk Roads, sharing Buddhism.
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Gupta India
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Ruled by Hindus and enforced the caste system upon India, developing a less centralized government than the Mauryans and tolerating Buddhism.
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Sati
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Hindu practice of a widow throwing herself on her husband's funeral pyre.
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What did the practice of sati mean?
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The custom was alleged to bestow honor and purity upon the widow
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Main Accomplishments of Gupta India
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Sterilization in surgery, knowledge of plastic surgery, and advances in astronomy.
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Persia
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A culture that lies relatively close to the Mediterranean that influences the region later in history.
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Zoroastrianism
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A Persian religion that held to a belief in a system of rewards and punishments in the afterlife.
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Greece
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A classical civilization whose origin traces to Indo-European peoples who migrated to the southern Greek Peninsula at 1700 BCE.
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Phoenician Mariners
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Seafaring people who migrated to the Aegean Sea and recorded a 22 letter alphabet representing consonants. This alphabet became the basis of the Greek alphabet.
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Polis/City-State
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Greek political organizations consisting of a city and surrounding countryside, both under the influence of one government.
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Democracy
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A form of government that originated in Athens in which the people rule.
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Aristotle
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A Greek philosopher who wrote on a variety of subjects in politics, arts, and the sciences. His major philosophies became a model of Greek thought.
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Hellenistic Age
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A period in Greek history during the rule of Alexander the Great.
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Stoicism
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Hellenistic philosophy that taught that men and women should use their powers of reason to lead virtuous lives.
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Mystery Religions
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A belief shared among many religions in which believers who truly follow their practices will be rewarded with a blissful life in the afterlife.
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Pax Romana
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Roman Peace.
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Twelve Tables
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Roman law.
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These formed the basis of classical India
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Vedic and Epic ages (cultural and social structures)
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During Gupta rule, because of the strict divisions of the caste system, this practice was not widespread
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Slavery
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High-towered temples in honor of the Hindu gods; lavish wall paintings in caves dedicated to gods
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Two accomplishments of the Gupta dynasty
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Caves of Ajanta
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Gupta-era paintings are found on the walls here
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This period came to an end with the weakening and fall of Rome, Han China, and Gupta India to invaders
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The classical period
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T/F: The fall of the three great classical empires (Rome, Han China, and Gupta India) showed a number of similarities
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True
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Constantine converted to what religion?
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Christianity
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During Constantine's time, the (western) (eastern) portion of the empire declined, while the (western) (eastern) thrived.
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western, eastern
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T/F: The eastern portion of the Roman empire did not fall at the same time as the western empire
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True
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T/F: The eastern portion of the Roman empire saw much more pressure from invaders than the western portion
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False
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By 476, the last Roman emperor was replaced by a Germanic ruler from the tribe of (fill in)
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Visigoths
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This Byzantine Emperor from 527 to 565 tried to capture portions of Rome's lost territory, but it was in vain
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Justinian
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Heavy taxes on peasants; Decline of interest in Confucian goals Poor harvests Population decline from disease
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Some causes of the decline of the Han dynasty
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Later emperors wanted a life of pleasure instead of ruling wisely The influence of army generals The recruitment of outsiders into the army The vastness of the empire/hard to rule
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Some causes of the decline of the Roman empire
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Local princes became more powerful Nomads drove into the central part of the country The country fragmented into regional states
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Some causes of the decline of Gupta India
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Indus
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River in India
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Yellow
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River in China
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Sacred texts of Hinduism
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Vedas and Upanishads
