AP World History Chapter 9 Vocabulary – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Hindu Kush Mountains
answer
Definition: a mountain range in the north western part of the Indian subcontinent Significance: where the ancient Indian empires originated
question
Arthashastra
answer
Definition: an ancient political handbook offering detailed instructions on the uses of power and the principles of government Significance: they were the procedures for the government of Chandragupta's realm
question
Political vacuum
answer
Definition: a region that has been lost control of and no one has gained control of since Significance: how the kingdom of Magadha gained power and control
question
Arabic numerals
answer
Definition: symbols used to represent the Hindu-Arabic numerical system Significance: was adopted by the Persian and Arab peoples in India
question
Ashoka Maurya
answer
Definition: Chandragupta's successor and grandson Significance: as a result of his policies, the various Indian regions became well integrated and the subcontinent benefited from both an expanding economy and a stable government
question
Pataliputra
answer
Definition: an Indian city which offered access to Bactria, Persia, and other points west Significance: the chief political and commercial center of northern India
question
Kushan Empire
answer
Definition: an empire embracing much of northern India and central Asia that reigned from 1 to 300 CE and overthrew the Bactrians from the area Significance: facilitated commerce between India and distant lands that played a crucial role in the silk roads network
question
Tributary alliances
answer
Definition: alliance established by the Gupta Dynasty as to prevent conflicts Significance: made by the Gupta Dynasty
question
White Huns
answer
Definition: a nomadic people from central Asia who occupied Bactria during the 4th century CE Significance: moved across the Hindu Kush and established several kingdoms in northern and western India that led to the Gupta decline
question
Monsoons
answer
Definition: seasonal wind patterns that cause wet and dry seasons Significance: Indian mariners recognized these rhythms as to facilitate trade in the Indian Ocean Basin
question
Caste system
answer
Definition: a social structure in which classes are determined by heredity Significance: basis for Indian daily life and social structure
question
Varna
answer
Definition: the name for the original social division of Vedic people into four groups Significance: maintained social order
question
Jati
answer
Definition: subcastes based on occupation Significance: maintained social order
question
Brahmin
answer
Definition: priests Significance: the highest of the four varnas
question
Jainism
answer
Definition: new religion that emerged from the 5th to 7th century BCE that embraces the idea that everything, even inanimate objects, have a soul and that one must try to purify themselves from selfish behavior as to no longer suffer and attain a state of bliss Significance: influenced people throughout time as means against violence
question
Siddhartha Gautama
answer
Definition: founder of Buddhism, also known as the Buddha that was born around 563 BCE as a prince to a small tribal state in the Himalayas Significance: founded one of the world's most prominent religions
question
Four Noble Truths
answer
Definition: all life involves suffering, desire is caused by suffering, elimination of desire brings an end to suffering, the only way to eliminate desire is to follow a disciplined life conducted in accordance to the eight-fold path Significance: the core of the Buddha's doctrine
question
Noble Eightfold Path
answer
Definition: calls for individuals to lead balanced and moderate lives Significance: a principle of Buddhism
question
Dharma
answer
Definition: the basic doctrine of the Buddha that encompassed the Four Noble Truths and Eight-fold Path Significance: laid the basis for the Buddhist religion
question
Stupas
answer
Definition: shrines housing relics of the Buddha himself and his first disciples that pilgrims venerated while meditating on Buddhist values Significance: found in Buddhist homes
question
Patronage
answer
Definition: the act of providing approval and support Significance: the Mauryan Dynasty provided patronage for the religion and Ashoka converted to the religion itself
question
Bodhisattva
answer
Definition: "an enlightened being" aka individuals who had reached spiritual perfection and merited the reward of nirvana, but who intentionally delayed their entry into nirvana to help others who were still struggling Significance: ultimate Buddhist goal
