AP World History Chapter 5 Review – Flashcards
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what are 2 basic themes of the 3 great classic civi.
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expansion and integration
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list order of decline for the 3 civilizations
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china, mediterranean, india
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heritage of classical civi. involved a host of
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new ideas, styles, technologies, institutions
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what caused these new ideas and institutions to develop
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part of process of adjusting to expansion of civilization
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list thinkers that arose from the 3 civi. (china=2)
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confucius and laozi, buddha, socrates
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all 3 thinkers inspired by common need to articulate what
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central values in their societies
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to unite their expanding civi., china emphasized
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centralization generating a political culture
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to unite their expanding civi., india and mediterranean remained
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more localized and diverse
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what was cement of indian civi.
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religious values (hinduism)
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what is one reason medi. civi. collapsed
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achievements spread but involved less of population
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how did the china govt. control new territory
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had to reign in new S regions and settled some northerners in S
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In india, what system spread
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caste system
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rome combined what to control new territory
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local autonomy and tolerance w/ common laws, expansion of citizenship, tight commercial network
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all 3 civi. fostered
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great inequalities between men and women and between upper and lower classes
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did any civi. argue for upward mobility
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none
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medi. aristocrats treated
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locals as clients, offering protection
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out of the 3 civi. which was not able to continure after fall of govt.
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greek/roman
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what 3 areas had contact with the 3 great civi.
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NE africa, japan, northern europe
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where did cultures evolve entirely independent
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in americas
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when did interaction between afric and civi. begin
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before rise of greece and rome
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by 1000 BCE what kingdom flourished in upper nile
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kush
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kush got writing from
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egyptian hieroglyphics
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750 BC kush conquered
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egypt
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what rival kingdom defeated kush
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axum
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who defeated axum
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ethiopia
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who did ethiopia trade w/
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eastern mediterranean
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what 2 religions spread into ethiopia
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judaism and christianity
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what 2 crops helped african farmers move into new areas
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root crops and plantains
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what year did japan develope extensive agriculture
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200 CE
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what was japanese polit. organization based on
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tribal chiefs
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what was religion in japan
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shintoism
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what did shintoism believers worship
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polit. rulers and nature spirits
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explain japanese central ruler
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imperial house
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did northern europe have a written language
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no
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scandinavians develoed skills as
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sailors
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indian group that developed and spread an early form of civi.
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olmecs
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time of olmecs
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800-400 BCE
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olmecs lacked
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writing
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olmec staple food
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corn
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what animals did olmecs domesticate
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turkeys, dogs, guinea pigs
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olmec achievements
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art in precious stones such as jade, made religious statues and icons
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what did olmec successors develop
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hieroglyphic alphabet
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when did maya civilization appear
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400 CE
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name of civi. that developed in south america
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inca
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where were chinese invaders from
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central asia
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china suffered
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internal problems
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date of chinese serious decline
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100 CE
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what dynasty during decline
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han
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what happened to central govt. control
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diminished
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what happened to bureaucracy
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corrupt
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which group took up slack when decline occured
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local landlords
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which religion produced a great revolutionary effort
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daoism
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daoist leaders called
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yellow turbans
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who did yellow turbans attack
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emperor and bureauracy
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students demonstrated against
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govt. morality
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where were india invaders from
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central asi
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guptas had not resolved
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tendency to break up into regions
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decline of india was less than
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less drastic than collapse of han
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what groups invaded
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huns
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indian decline date
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500 CE
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many invaders went deeper and destroyed
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gupta empire
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other invaders integrated
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warrior caste
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what did they form
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new ruling group of regional princes
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name of smmal group that conrolled small states
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rajput
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why did indian culture continue
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rajput system helped
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where were rome invaders from
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germanic tribes
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crome suffered from
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internal problems
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when did rome collapse
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476 CE
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how did roman emperors treat people
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brutal habits of mistreatment
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what did polit. confusion produce
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series of weak emperors and disputes over succession to throne
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effect of army intervention
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complicated polit. life and contributed to deterioration of rule from top
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why couldn't han push back
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decline
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what role did epidemic play in chinese decline
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killed up to 1/2 of population and toppled han causing chaos
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how long did chinese chaos prevail
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3 centuries
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what threatened chinese culture
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buddhism
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when did china reviv
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end of 6 century
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who drove out chinese invaders
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strong native rulers in north
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what was next chinese dynasty after han
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sui
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2what dynasty toook over after sui and sponsored on of most glorious period
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tang
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what was restored during tang
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confucianism and bureaucracy
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what religion came to china
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buddhism
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which structures were justtoo strong to be overturned
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structures of classical china
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what remained current
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confucian vaulues and styles of life
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what did invaders do
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tried join w/ chinese traditions
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what happened to buddhism in india
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declined
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how did hinduism change
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beliefs gained ground and worship of devi
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aalthough india civi. maintained, what was other threat
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muslim arab armies
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how did hindu leaders react
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emphasized religious devotion
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what happened to indian trade
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decreased commercial dynamism
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what happened to rome population
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decreased
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who did the roman army have to hire
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germanic soldiers
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what was the effect of hiring these soldiers
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need to pay troops added more debt
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what did the upper class focus on
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pleasure seeking
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what happened to politcial devotion
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turned away from it
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instead of writing or creating new lit. scholars were contented w/
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writing textbooks that summarized earlier achievements
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why did the elite stop producing offspring
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it seemed incompatible w/ a life of pleasure seeking
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how did plagues affect people
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weakened society
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what part of roman decline was the greatest
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decentralization of political and economic authority
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who had political power during roman decline
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landlords
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who is diocletian
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emperor who tried to improve tax collection and organized govt. admin.
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what did diocletian attempt
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to direct political loyalties to his own person, pressuring people to worship emperor as god
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why did he have conflicts w/ christians
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they would not give caesar preference ovver their god so he persecuted them
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emperor constantine ruled when
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312-337 CE
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where did he set up the second capital city
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constantinople
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what did he use to try to unify the empire
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religious force of christians
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what was the effect of division of the empire
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made weakness of western half worse and tax revenues declined
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what ahppened when the germanic invasions began
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peasants actually welcomed the barbarians
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why did the peasants welcome them
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were burdened by social and economic pressures of the decaying empire
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why did the greek/roman culture not last like china and india
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itsits fall split unity of the mediterranean islands that were won w/ much hard work
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rome's collapse was profound but not
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even
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how many zones were the mediterranean world divided into
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3
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which part of the roman empire did note fall
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eastern
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what was the name of this eastern empire
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byzantine empire
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describe the eastern empire
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more deeply entrenched (in a position of strength) and fewer pressures from invaders
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what emperor tried to recapture the roman empire
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justinian
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when did justinian try to recapture rome
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527-565 CE
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what was justinian's most famous compilation
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compilation of roman law in code w/ his name
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name of the empire that flourished in the tigris-euphrates region
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parthian
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what areas did these conquerors take over
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NW india
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they did not produce much culture of their own. so whose culture did they adopt
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persia
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what happened in 227 CE
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persian rebellion displaces parthians
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what new empire was created
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sassanid
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what religion revived
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zoroastrianism
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what happened to trade with china and india
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traded goods and artistic and lit. styles w/ greek-speaking world
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what happened to the sassanids
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overthrown by arabs
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what happened to northern middle east
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persian rule continued in one part until arabs attacked which still didn't destroy persian culture
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where was the second zone located
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north africa and se shores of the mediterranean
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what religion spread into this area
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christianity
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african christianity produce what church
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coptic
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located where
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egypt
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what new doctrines came in
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islamic doctrines
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what happened in the western part of the empire
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crude, regional germanic kingdoms developed
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what disappeared
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trade
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what was the only vital force
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spread of christianity
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what happened to culture and literature
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could not be sustained
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why did christian scholars apologize
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inability towrite well or to understand earlier doctrines
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between 550 and 400 BC, classic civi. produced all these seminal thinkers but
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muhammad
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civi. pushed forward indepently without contact with any of the 3 great classic civi. in
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the americas
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decline of 3 classic civi. between 200 and 600 CE were all characterized by
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outside invasions
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one important early symptom of rome's decline was
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drop in population
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first kingdoms in africa below sahara showed influence of
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egypt and hellenism
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end of gupta empire differed from decline of rome in that it did not involve
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introduction of new religion
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despite major differences, christianity, hinduism, and buddhism all show interest in
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life after death
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compared to hinduism, christianity is more likely to
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disapprove of other beliefs
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eastern part of roman empire had less decline than western part for all except
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resisted spread of christianity
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all constitute distinctive features of late-roman christianity but
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weak hierarchy of church officials
