AP WORLD HISTORY Chapter 4: Early Societies in South Asia – Flashcards
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The chief god of the early Aryans was
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Indra
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After the Aryans and Dravidians mixed and intermingled,
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tensions between them resided and Indra resided into the background.
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Archaeologists in India have discovered that between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.,
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cultivators built a neolithic society west of the Indus river.
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The earliest known urban society in India was the
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Harappan.
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Much of the early Harappan history remains a mystery because
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the remains are underwater and there is a lack of deciphered written records.
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If the Greek historian Herodotus had known of the Harappan society, he might have used the phrase "the gift of the ___________" to describe it.
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Indus
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Chickens were first domesticated in
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the Indus Valley.
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Mohenjo-daro was
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a powerful and wealthy Harappan city in the Indus Valley.
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Based on archaeological evidence from early Indian history, historians believe that
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the Harappan cities were economic and political centers.
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At its height, the population of Mohenjo-daro reached
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forty thousand.
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Evidence relating to trade indicates that Harappan India
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traded with Mesopotamians.
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Describe the Harappan society
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Wealthy society that birthed two major cities: Mohenjo- daro and Harappa.
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Harappan religion
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reflected a strong concern for fertility.
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Some scholars believe that, after the collapse of the Harappan society, Harappan deities
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survived the collapse of the larger society and found places later in the Hindu Pantheon.
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One of the biggest reasons for the decline of the Harappan society was likely
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ecological degradation.
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The Indo- Europeans who entered India called themselves Aryans, which means
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"noble people."
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The Aryans were
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nomadic and pastoral peoples speaking Indo- European languages
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The Aryans came into India
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during 1500 B.C.E. through the Hindu Kush mountains.
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Which of the following statements about the Aryans is NOT true?
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They brought the first written language to India.
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The biggest military advantage of the Indo- Europeans was
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their horses.
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Most of our information about the early Aryans comes from the
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Vedas.
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The Aryans referred to social classes by the term
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Varna.
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Which of the following social classes in the caste system is associated with warriors and aristocrats?
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Kshatriyas
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The task of butchering animals or handling dead bodies usually fell to the
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untouchables.
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Which of the following answers reflects the early varna hierarchy from highest to lowest?
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Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras
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A ???? is
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a subcaste.
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The first century B.C.E. work that dealt with moral behavior and social relationships was the
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"Lawbook of Manu."
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When a Hindu window voluntarily threw herself on her dead husband's funeral pyre it was known as
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sati.
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Vedic society was
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strongly patriarchal.
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What Aryan god was associated with war and rain?
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Indra.
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The Aryans believed that Varuna
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presided over the sky and oversaw the behavior of mortals and preserved the cosmic order.
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The most important aspect of the Aryan religion during the early Vedic times was
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the proper performance of ritual sacrifices.
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The hallucinogenic concoction drunk by the Aryans during ritual sacrifices was known as
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soma.
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The "World of Fathers"
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was the Aryan heaven.
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The Upanishads were
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a body of works which began to appear in the late Vedic Age about 800 to 400 B.C.E.
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In Hinduism the highest goal of the individual soul was to
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escape the cycle of birth and rebirth and enter into permanent union with Brahman.
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This passage from the Upanishads explains what Hindu concept? "Now as a man is like this or like that, according as he acts and according as he behaves, so will he be: a man of good acts will become good, a man of bad acts, bad."
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Karma.
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The two principal means to achieve the goal of ?????? are
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asceticism and meditation.
