AP World History Chapter 3 Flashcards
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Menes
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A conquerer who unified Egypt in 3,100 B.C.E. He founded the city of Memphis which he used as a capital and political center for Egypt.
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Horus
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The sky god who Egyptians associated with early Pharoahs. Pharoahs often were represented by a falcon or hawks, symbols of Horus.
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Amon-Re
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The combination of the sun god, Re, and the air god Amon. Massive temples were built for Amon-Re.
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Arachaic Period
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The first millenium in Egyptian history (3,100-2660 B.C.E.)
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Old Kingdom
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The first millenium of Egyptian history were the power of the Pharoahs was the greatest (2660-2160 B.C.E). Many influencing things were built during this time including the pyramids.
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Pyramids
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These buildings demonstrate the authority and divine status. The pyramids were constructed as royal tombs (2600-2500 B.C.E). They still stand today at Giza.
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Khufu
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Khufu is the largest pyramid. It involved the cutting of 2.3 million limestone blocks and required many specialized laborers.
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Kush-Nubian Kingdom
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A kingdom created by Nubian leader after Egypt dominated lower Nubia. It was formidable and wealthy and many diplomats and explorers went there.
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Harkhuf
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An Egyptian explorer who made four expeditions to Nubia in 2300 B.C.E. He returned with 300 donkeys with exotic goods and a dancing dwarf.
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Kerma
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Kush's capitol city that was destroyed by Egypt during the time of the New Kingdom.
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Hyksos
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"foreign rulers" These people introduced horse drawn chariots to Egypt. They took over Upper Egypt in 1674 B.C.E. but lost it due to organized revolts.
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New Kingdom
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Powerful and productive society. Spread to new territories and supported a population of 4 million with agricultural surpluses.
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Tuthmosis III
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Most vigorous of the New Kingdom Pharoahs (1479-1525 B.C.E). He led 17 campaigns that dominated Palestine, Syria and Northern Africa.
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Kashta
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King of revived Kush kingdom, conquered Thebes in 760 B.C.E. and founded the Kushite dynasty that ruled Egypt for a century. His succesors claimed the title of Pharoah.
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Assyrian Takeover of Egypt
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Attacked Egypt During the mid-seventh century B.C.E. with iron weapons the same time that the Kushites were attacking from the South. Drove out Kushites and conquered Thebes.
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Women's Roles
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In Mesopotamia women were treated worse than men they couldnt have an education or be a leader. In Egypt however a women could be a co-ruler and have an education as well.
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Hatsheput
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Step-Mother to Tuthmosis III who co-ruled with him. A statue was built with her having the beard of a Pharoah because the notion of female ruler was unfamiliar with most Egyptians.
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Kandake
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Title for queens and queen mothers of the ancient African empire of Kush.
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Iron Metallurgy
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Arose in Africa independently with expirermentation with iron ores. The invention of iron metalurgy helped the Bantu people with their migrations. It started in 900 B.C.E and spread throughout Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Punt
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Modern-day Somalia. Egyptians imported gold, ebony, ivory, cattle, aromatics, and slaves.
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Hieroglyphics
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Appeared in 3200 B.C.E. Earliest writing is pictographic but later evolved into expressing sounds. "holy inscriptions"
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"The Satire of the Traders
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Written by a scribe urging his son to study diligently, this piece tells of all the hardships associated with different professions.
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Meriotic Script
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Official language for Meroe. Alphabetic script that expressed sounds.
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Bantu
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The people that migrated south of the equator in Africa influencing people and spreading their language. Independently devoloped iron metallurgy.
