AP World History: Chapter 3- Egypt & Sudan – Flashcards

At around 100,000 B.C.E, this was a grassland that included rivers and streams.

-People from Sudan domesticated cattle 90,000 B.C.E. -Then in 75,000 B.C.E established settlements and cultivated sorghum. (a grain commonly ate today). -People in the western Sudan cultivated yams near the Congo River. Then later sheep and goats. -The Sudanie commemorated a single god to represent the good and the evil, they associated this god with rain.

-Egypt was blessed with the beautiful river of the Nile. -The river was fed north by the Mediterranean sea. - Every year, rain and melting snow would flood the river causing crops to flourish.

- area between northern and southern Egypt. -At the beginning, Nubian kingdoms where small. Until 31,000 B.C.E, where Egypt united by Menes. - They mummified bodies. -Through time, tension grew between Egypt and Nubia which then led to violence in the archaic and old kingdoms. After Egyptian presence in the Northern Nubia, in 250 ,000B.C.E, they created a new kingdom for themselves called Kush - its capital was named Kerma.

-At around 23,000 B.C.E, Egyptians explorers visited Nubia and returned with tropical products from Africa. This led to a larger trade between Egypt and Nubia. -Yet after the middle kingdom, they where invaded by foreigners called Hyksos. - After they pushed them out, the New Kingdom was created. -The pharaoh became more aggressive and began to expand their territory farther from the Nile and they created a more prosperous and productive society.

-He became one of the most vigorous pharaohs in the New Kingdom. -He led his troops to Palastine and Seria where he could create more kingdoms.

-They invaded Egypt but where then pushed out. -These people where the first of many to use bronze weapons, horses, and horse drawn chariots.

-These pyramids where created to commemorate gods, pharaoh, and even for their mummification. -The largest of the Egyptian pyramids was Khufu (Ku-Fu).

-Invaders where uncommon in the territory of Egypt and Nubia because the Red Sea was able to block and discourage the foreigners. -It was also able to help Egyptians trade with the land called Punt. (modern day Somalia).

-11,000 B.C.E Egyptian forces retreated from Nubia because the Kush kingdom grew to be more powerful.

-Later on in 8th C B.C.E, Egypt fell under the rule of the Kushites. Their Kushite ruler was Kashta, he created a dynasty the lasted 100 years.

Egypt was conquered and regained by the Assyrian empire.

-Nenies= united and founded the city of Memphis ( capital). -Hatsheput= the first women as the pharaoh.

-Women in Egypt had freedom and where free to do what they wanted, even become a pharaoh. -In Kush, there was evidence found of many female rulers.

-Origin of the Greek word that means Holy Inscriptions.

-Nubia adapted and developed the use of hieroglyphics and called in the Meroitic writing. -The word came from the Nubian city Meroe.

-He wanted to transform Egypt into a mono-theistic society where they would worship a Sun god. -Although after his death, nobody followed his religion and went back to their religious ways. His name was erased from the monuments.

-The Egyptian god of the underworld. - He would determine if the soul of humans could pass on and live another life or get eaten by a soul-eating demon.

-Compared to Mesopotamia, Egypt grew very slowly. -The king would organize elaborate public works under bureaucracy. -In their religious life, they looked at omens, or people who tell fate, questions about their life. -The divide between rural and urban cities was not clearly noticeable because there where no massive cities. - It's collapse resulted from feuds of political elites.

-These people grew from modern day Nigeria. -In 30,000 B.C.E they began to spread their language and agricultural techniques throughout Africa. -Their migration was probably created because of population pressures. -They referred to themselves as Bantu meaning people. they settled along rivers and canoes. they also cultivated yams, palm oils, and kept goats, and raised guinea pigs. -They lived in clans sorta-like villages. -They could easily trade materials throughout the forest. -After 1000 B.C.E, the migration increased causing more produce of iron tools and weapons. This led to a larger agricultural zone.