AP World History Chapter 29 Terms – Flashcards
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Interwar period
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The 1920s and 1930s, shaped by the results of World War I.
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Alexander Kerensky
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Leader of the provisional government in Russia after the fall of the tsar; kept Russia in World War I and resisted major reforms; overthrown by Bolsheviks at the end of 1917.
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Chiang Kai-shek
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Successor to Sun as leader of the Nationalists; fierce opponent of the Communists, yet he formed an alliance with them to fight Japan.
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Roaring Twenties
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Great social and economic changes were the hallmark of this decade.
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Red Army
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Military organization constructed under leadership of Leon Trotsky, Bolshevik follower of Lenin; made use of people of humble background.
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Long March
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To escape the Nationalists, 90,000 Mao supporters traveled thousands of miles in 1934 to remote regions; solidified Mao's leadership and created much of his myth.
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Kellogg-Briand Pact
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A multinational treaty sponsored by American and French diplomats that outlawed war; an example of the optimism that existed during part of the 1920s.
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New Economic Policy
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Lenin's temporary measure that allowed some capitalism within a Communist framework; food production increased under this program; ended by Stalin.
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Cubist movement
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Artistic style rendering familiar objects in geometric shapes; headed by Pablo Picasso, who was influenced by African art.
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Vladimir Lenin
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Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924)
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Fascism
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Created in Italy by Mussolini and expanded in Germany by Hitler, this political and economic movement promoted socialist programs combined with authoritarianism.
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United Soviet Socialist Republic (U.S.S.R.)
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a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia
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Settler societies
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Australia, Canada, and New Zealand; forged separate "autonomous communities" within the British empire, called the British Commonwealth of Nations.
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Joseph Stalin
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Assistant to Lenin who beat out Trotsky for undisputed control of the U.S.S.R. after Lenin's death; installed the nationalistic "socialism in one country" program, collectivization, and widespread purges.
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Zaibatsu
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In Japan, industrial corporations with close government cooperation that expanded rapidly in this era into shipbuilding and other heavy industries.
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Comintern
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International office of communism under U.S.S.R. dominance established to encourage the formation of Communist parties in Europe and the world.
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Pancho Villa
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Mexican revolutionary who led guerrilla fighting in the North; pursued unsuccessfully by the U.S. government in 1913.
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Collectivization
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Soviet policy of eliminating private ownership of farmland and creating large state-run farms.
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Emiliano Zapata
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Mexican revolutionary who led guerrilla fighting in the South; motto was "Tierra y Libertad"; demanded land reform.
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May Fourth Movement
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Popular 1919 uprising in China against Japanese interference and for Western-style government that featured intellectuals and students as its leaders; sank under the weight of problems facing China in the early 20th century.
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Cristeros
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Conservative peasant movement in the 1920s in Mexico; backed by the Catholic church and many politicians; resisted the secularization of the culture and government.
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Sun Yat-sen
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Western-educated leader of the Revolutionary Alliance, the Guomindang, and at times, China, in the 1910s and 1920s; struggled with warlords for control of the nation.
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Party of the Industrialized Revolution (PRI)
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This Mexican political party dominated politics from the 1930s to the end of the century.
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Mao Zedong
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Chinese communist leader (1893-1976)
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Diego Rivera
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socialist Mexican painter of murals (1886-1957)
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Guomindang
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Nationalist party in China; it was the Communist Party's greatest rival, yet the Guomindang and Communists forged an alliance against Japanese aggression; the ruling party in mainland China until 1949, it failed to implement most of the domestic programs it proposed.
