AP World History Chapter 22 Key Terms – Flashcards
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Asian sea trading network
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Divided, from West to East, into three zones prior to the European arrival: an Arab zone based on glass, carpets, and tapestries; an Indian zone, with cotton textiles; and a Chinese zone, with paper, porcelain, and silks.
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Goa Ormuz
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malacca
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Port city in the modern Southeast Asian country of Malaysia, founded about 1400 as a trading center on the Strait of Malacca. Also spelled Melaka. (p. 387)
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batavia
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Fort established in 1619 as headquarters of Dutch East India Company operations in INdonesia; today the city of Jakarta.
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Treaty of Gijanti (1757)
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Reduced the remaining independent Javanese princes to vassals of the Dutch East India Company; allowed the Dutch to monopolize Java's coffee production.
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Luzon
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Northern island of Philippines; conquered by Spain during the 1560s; site of major Catholic missionary effort.
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mindanao
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the second largest island of the Philippines at the southern end of the archipelago
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Francis Xavier
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This was a man who helped Ignatius of Loyola to start the Jesuits. He also was famous for his number of missionaries he went on to promote Christianity
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Robert Di Nobli
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Italian Jesuit missionary; worked in India during the early 1600s; introduced strategy to convert elites first; strategy later widely adopted by Jesuits in various parts of Asia; mission eventually failed.
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hongwu
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First Ming emperor in 1368; originally of peasant lineage; original name Zhu Yuanzhang; drove out Mongol influence; restored position of scholar-gentry
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Macao and Canton
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The only two ports in Ming China where Europeans were allowed to trade.
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The water margin, Monkey, and the golden Lotus
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well-known as one of the four greatest Chinese novels in history; tells stories of a group of heroes,who stand for different classes of people daring to struggle against the evil.
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Zhenghe
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Chinese admiral who led seven overseas trade expeditions under Ming emperor Yunglo between 1405 and 1423; demonstrated that the Chinese were capable of major ocean exploration.
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Matteo Ricci and Adam Schall
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Jesuit scholars at the Ming court; also skilled scientists; won few converts to Christianity.
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Chongzhen
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Last of the Ming emperors; committed suicide in 1644 in the face of a Jurchen invasion of the Forbidden City at Beijing.
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Manchus
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Northeast Asian peoples who defeated the Ming Dynasty and founded the Qing Dynasty in 1644, which was the last of China's imperial dynasties.
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Nobunaga
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(1534-1582) Japenese daimyo; first to make extensive use of firearms; in 1573 deposed last of Ashikaga shoguns; unified much of central Honshu under his command
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Toyotomi Hideyoshi
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General under Nobanga; suceeded as leading military power in Japan; continued efforts to break power of daimyos; constucted a series of military alliances that made him the military master of Japan in 1590; died in 1598.
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Tokugawa Ieyasu
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Vassal of Toyotomi Hideyoshi; succeeded him as most powerful military figure in Japan; granted title of shogun in 1603 and established Tokugawa Shogunate; established political unity in Japan
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edo
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a member of a west African people living in the tropical forest region of southern Nigeria
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deshima
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Island in Nagasaki Bay; only port open to non-Japanese after closure of the islands in the 1640s; only Chinese and Dutch ships were permitted to enter.
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School of National learning
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18th-century ideology that emphasized Japan's unique historical experience and the revival of indigenous culture at the expense of Confucianism and other Chinese influences.
