AP world History chapter 19 vocab – Flashcards
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Ferdinand of aragon/ Isabella of Castile
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Monarch of largest Christian kingdoms in Iberia; marriage with Isabella created a united Spain.
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Encomiendas
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Grants of indian laborers made to Spanish conquerors and settlers in Mesoamerica and South America
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Hispaniola
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First island in Carribean settled by Spaniards; settlement founded by Columbus on second voyage to the New World.
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Bartlome de las casas
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16th-century Spanish Dominican priest, writer and the first resident Bishop of Chiapas.
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Hernan cortez
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Led expedition of 600 to coast of mexico in 1519; conquistador responsible for the defeat of Aztec Empire.
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Moctezuma II
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Last independent Aztec Emperor; killed during Hernand Cortez's conquest of Tenochitlan.
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Mexico City
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Capital of New Spain; Built on ruins of Aztec Capital of Tenochitlan.
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New Spain
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Spanish colonial possesions in Mesoamerica; included most of central Mexico; based on imperial system of Aztecs.
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Francisco Pizzaro
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Led conquest of Inca Empire of Peru beginning in 1535; by 1540, most of Inca psessions fell to spanish.
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Francisco Vazquez de Coronado
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Leader of Spanish expedition into Northern frontier region of New Spain; entered what is now the United States in search of the mythical cities of gold.
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Pedro de Valdivia
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Spanish Conquistador; conquered Araucanian indians of Chile and established city of Santiago in 1541.
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Mita
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Labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and the religion; all communities were expected to contribute.
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Columbian Exchange
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Biological/ecological exchange that took place following Spanish establishment of colonies in New World.
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Potosi
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Mine located in upper peru; largest of new world silver mines.
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Huancavelica
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Location of largest deposit of mercury in South America; aided in American silver production.
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Haciendas
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Rural estates in Spanish colonies in New world; produced agricultural products for consumors in America.
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Casa de Contratacion
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Spanish board of trade operated out of seville; regularized commerce with the new world.
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Consulado
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Merchant guild of Seville; enjoyed virtual monopoly rights over goods shipped to america; handeled most of the silver received in return.
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Galleons
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Large, heavily armored ships used to carry silver from new world colonies to Spain;
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Treaty of Tordesillas
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Signed in 1494 between Castile and Portugal; Clarified spheres of influence and rights of possesion in New World.
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Recopiliacion
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Body of laws collected in 1681 for spanish possesions in new world.
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Council of the Indies
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Body within the castilian govt. that issued all laws and advised king on matters dealing with the spanish colonies in the new world.
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Letrados
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University trained lawyers from spain in the new world; juridicial core of spanish colonial beuracracy.
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Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz
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Mexican Poet and writer; talents won recognition
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Minas Gerais
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mountainous region where gold strikes took place; means "general mines".
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Sociedad de Castas
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American social system based on racial origins; europeans/white on top, mixed races in the middle, and Black slaves/indians at the bottom. (>_< not cool....)
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creoles
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Whites born in the New World; dominated local latin american economies
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War of the Spanish Succesion
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Resulted from Bourbon family's succesion to spanish throne in 1701.
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Charles III
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Spanish Enlightened monarch; ruled from 1759-1788.
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Jose de Galvez
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Spanish ministor of the indies; chief architect of colonial reform.
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Comunero Revolt
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One of popular revolts against spanish colonial rule in New Granada.
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Tupac Amaru
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Mestizo leader of indian revolt of peru; supported by many lower classes; revolt eventually failed.
