AP World History: Chapter 19 Review – Flashcards
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After Spain expelled Jews and Muslims in 1492, where did they go?
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They flooded into the ottoman territory
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Explain the "balance" that helped the Ottoman Empire become the most powerful estate in the European or the Islamic worlds?
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Military mounted arches, janissaries trained in the most advanced technology, Safavids much slower to adapt fire weapons
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How did the sultan govern his "flock" or oraya
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Providing protection and collecting taxes
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What became the majority religion in the Balkans under the Ottoman Empire?
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Islam
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The chief source of ottoman inflation in the 16th century was
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Cheap silver acquired in the new world
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Explain "tax farming"
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Paying specific taxes to revive privilege of collecting greater amounts from actual tax payers
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What were the effect of the decline of ottoman administrative control and rural disorder?
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New economic opportunity
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Why did the ottoman economy become involved in the European commercial network?
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Introduction of tobacco
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What new product traded from the Arabian port of mocha became the range in the 15th century?
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Coffee
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Why did the ottoman historians call the period between 1718 and 1730 the Tulip period?
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The craze for high-priced tulip bulbs that swept the ottoman ruling circle
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The ottomans' chief rival in Iran was the
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The Safavid empire
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Explain the difference between the ottoman and Iranian states.
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Iranian states were based on shi'ism
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Out of the struggle for power in ran emerges a chief of Kurdish, Iranian and Greek ancestry named
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Persians
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In Iran, the second language of Islam was
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Arabic script
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The cultural and artistic accomplishments of the Islamic empires included
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Painted and molded tiles, walking cities, and narrow major mosque
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Explain the "Hidden Imam"
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The twelfth descendant of Ali
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Explain how women were affected by Islamic law
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Seldom appearing in public and could not retain property after marriage
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Iran became most closely associated with the manufacture of which item?
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Silk fabric
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The weak link in the Iranian military was its
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Lack of navy
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The Mughal empire is distinguished from the ottomans and Safavids mostly because it was
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Culturally and religiously diverse
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The founder of the Mughal empire was
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Babur
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Why was the Mughal empire prosperous in the 16th century?
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The empire had a central administration and government
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Explain Akbar's policy of religious reconciliation between Muslims and Hindus?
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Established by marrying a Hindu Raipul princess and introducing reforms that reduced taxation and legal discrimination against Hindus
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How did the Sikh "army of the pure" signals their faith?
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By the ninth guru being beheaded for refusing to convert to islam
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Why did the Mughal empire decline?
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Due to loss of power and intrusion by Europeans
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As the Mughal empire decline, what group benefited?
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Muslim
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Extensive Islamic expansion into east Africa and Southeast Asia occurred why?
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Port cities and royal courts
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How did islam effectively counter European Christianity?
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Rural people incorporated some of their pre-Muslim religious and social practices
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High migration in the East African lake region and Kenyan highlands was due to
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Portuguese control
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What European country conquered the East African port cities?
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The Dutch
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After defeating the Portuguese, the Dutch acquired what valuable colony?
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Batavia
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