AP World History: Tang and Song Dynasties – Flashcards
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Describe China between Han and Sui dynasties
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Period of instability Weak trade due to simultaneous collapse of Rome
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Describe the Sui Dynasty, including public work projects
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Strong, centralized gov't Public works projects: Palace and granary construction, repair o defensive walls, demanded labor for Grand Canal
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Reason for resentment in Sui China
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Public works projects required massive labor recruitments, especially building of the Grand Canal, caused peasant rebellion and resentment
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Why did the Sui Dynasty end?
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Labor resenment and high taxation caused tensions Sui Yangdi assassinated and dynasty ended
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Under what policies did the Tang Dynasty rule?
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Confucian policies allowed it to have a stable government Adopted confucian edu action system from Ha Dynasty
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What are some accomplishments of the Tang Dynasty that would lead to it being considered the Golden Age?
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Low rice price, low peasant taxes
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What are three reasons for success of the early Tang?
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1. Transportation and communication network: Grand Canal, great roads 2. Equal Field System 3. Reliance on Bureaucracy of Merit
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What are some reasons for decline of the Tang Dynasty?
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Weak leaders who focused on luxury than the general population Nomadic pressure from north from the Mongols; nomads raided Chinese silk and paper and sold them for food, weakening of equal-field system and land distribution problems, not enough revenue to run large bureaucracy
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Why was Chinese expansion relevant to economic success?
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Westward expansion protected silk roads from nomads b/c silk was more valuable outside of China and they had to protect their trading rights
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Describe how the Song Dynasty ruled
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Centralized imperial rule Very large bureaucracy Emphasis on civil administration, industry, education, and arts than the military
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Describe Song China's relationship with its military
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Distrusted military Saw as source of revolt Not powerful military
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Describe the Song in relationship to the Tang in terms of territory
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Smaller than the Tang and established more in the south for protection against nomads/Mongols
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How did the Song view Nomads?
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Barbaric, felt superior
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What caused Song decline?
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Inefficient military: Scholars couldn't run military Too much paper money: inflation Lost northern half of empire to nomads Peasant rebellion from taxation; Needed revenue to run large bureaucracy
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What were some Tang and Song innovations?
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Fast-ripening rice Naval technologies Gunpowder (secret military advantage) Porcelain=Large amount of wealth Magnetic compass= navigational aid that assisted exploration Letters of credit (flying cash) Paper money Moveable type printer
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What type of an economy did Tang and Song China have?
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Market economy: Economy system in which population determines prices High demands=high prices
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Describe China's relationship with Korea vs. its relationship with Vietnam
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-Both were tributary states to China -Maintained own government but paid tribute (taxes and gifts) to Chinese emperors -Helped connect China and Japan; Korea never developed bureaucracy of merit-kept royal houses -Adapted Chinese court and bureaucracy and Confucian traditions; interest in Buddhism
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Describe China's relationship with Vietnam
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More tense relationship than with Korea Vietnams developed Chinese administration and bureaucracy Adopted Buddhism and Confucianism
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Why was the Grand Canal so economically important?
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Facilitated trade between northern and southern China; brought rice and other products from Yangzi River Valley in the north to other regions
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What was the equal-field system?
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-Based on number of family members and fertility of land -Equal distribution of land to all based on recipient's needs; 1/5 of land was hereditary
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Why did the equal-field system fail in late Tang years?
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Population increase; not enough land Difficulty breaking power of large landowners
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Describe's China's relationship with Buddhism
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-Made its way to China via Silk Roads -Received hostility from Daoism and Confucianism: anti-Buddhist campaign that attacked Buddhism for economic and political power it obtained -Persecuted against, but survived due to popularity
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What is Neo-Confucianism?
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Blending of Buddhist and Confucian values Individual self-improvement, strive and perfect oneself
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How did the Song Dynasty attempt to keep nomads away?
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By gifting nomads with silk to keep peace
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In which dynasty did the civil service exam have prominence?
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Song Dynasty
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When did foot binding start?
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Song Dynasty
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Why was foot binding encouraged?
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Secured better marriage Increased restriction of freedom of women
