AP world history ch.12-15 – Flashcards
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ministry of rites
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administrated examinations to student from chinese gov. schools or those recommended by distinguished scholars
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Empress Wu
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Tang ruler 690-705ce in china; supported Buddhist establishment, tried to elevate Buddhism to stay in villages until they could repay aristocrats for land
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scholar-gentry
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(knowledgable gentlemen)chinese class created by the marital approach; based on use of logic to resolve theological probelms
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neo-conficianism
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revived ancient confucian teachings in Song era china; their emphasis on tradition and hostility to foreign systems made chinese rulers and bureaucrats less receptive to outside udeas and influences
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grand canal
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designed to link the original centers of chinese civilizations on north china plain with the yangtze river basin to the south (1200 miles long)
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junks
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chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, sternpost rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders
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footbinding
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practice in chincese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller
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humanism
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the focus on the acomplishments of individuals rather than a whole community
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Zhenghe
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admiral
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Khan=Khanate
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supreme ruler
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tatars
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people from hell
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kami
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nature spirit of japan
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hein era
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courst culture soared to refinement; aristocratic classes had strict behavior; social classes were everything; gossip was rampant; energy focused on the pursuit of beauty; buildings of unpainted wood; writing verse
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fujiwara family
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japanese aristocratic family in mid 9th century; exercised exceptional infulence over imperial affairs
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samurai
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mounted troops of japanese warrior leaders
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seppuku
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ritual suicide in japan which demonstrated courage anf a means to restore family honor
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shoguns
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military leaders of the bakufu (military gov. in japan)
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daimya
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worlord rulers of 300 small stated following civil war and sidruption of Ashikaga Shogunate
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japanese feudalism
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1. emeror and shoguns 2. daimyo 3.samurai 4.peasants
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sinification
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extensive adaption of chinese culture in other regions (more typical of kkorea and japan not vietnam)
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Nam Viet
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Han conqured Nam Viet in 2nd century BCE; derived of benefits (technology, political organization, and chinas ideas); 1st appeared in hisory as "soutner barbains"
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when does feudalism end
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around 1868ce
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Why did feudalism happen in europe?
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-germanic tribes needing protection -church-state -inexpensive
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heirarches
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rank of importance
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vassal
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landlord
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fief
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land grant
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when does japan get guns?
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1543
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bushido
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oath
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chivalry
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contract
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in the early tang dynasty, buddhism
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had gained extreme favor among many chinese people with widespread conversions, monetary support and gov. acknowledgement
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the Sui dynasty occured as a result of
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increased focus on luxury and materialsim coupled with incompetent military leadership
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concerning expansion, the Tang
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established connections with far off regions through vassals kingdoms, armies of conquest and hoped that these groups would become assimilated into chinese culture
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the Tang system of civil service examination
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allowed for commoners to gain positions due to merit on the exam, but usually the position within the central administration were reserved for old aristocracy
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whem compared to the Tang dynasy, the Song
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faced a very bloated bureaucracy due to relaxed restrictions in the exam system
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the role of palace intrigue played a part in the decline of the Tang in that
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roayl concubinage led to economic distress and the failed An LuShan Rebellion which weakened the Tang's control
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The 646 Taika Reforms attempted to change japanese culture in that
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the chinese model of confucian influenced gov., military, and imperial dominance was the focus of the reforms
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vietnamese sinification efforts contrased with those of Korea in that
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the vietnamese had vast cultural distinctions that existed before sinification making it increasingly difficult for the Chinese to influence them, unlike the Koreans
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the bakufu
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literally means military gov which granted real power to the shogun and cemented japanese dependency on feudalism
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during the Heian era in japanese history, literature
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flourished due to the ultacivilized atmosphere of the society, in which written language was simplified to create an easier transition to japanese
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women in japan's merchant and artisan families
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could share in numerous community activities like men such as guilds and the inheritance of businesses
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after chinggis Khan's death, how was his empire administered?
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it was divided into four regional khanates, ruleed hy his sons and grandson
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which of the khanates conquered Russia?
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Golden HOrde
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under Mongol rule, Moscow became important because
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it became the center of Mongol tribute payments
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the mongol conquest of Russia
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forced the Russian peasentry into serfdom due to heavy tax burdens
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which of the following was the most significant impact of the period of the Mongold rule on Russia?
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the period of MOngol rule reinforced the isolation of RUssiafrom western Europe
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in addition to the destruction of the Abbasid capital at Baghdad and the weakening of the Muslim military strenght, how did the mongols impact the islamic heartland?
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they destryoed Muslim cities from central Asia to the shores of the Mediterranean which devastated trade, culture and education
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what was the status of Mongolian women during the Yuan dynasty of China?
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mongol women remained relatively independent, refused to adopt the practice of foot-binding, and retained their rights in property
