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IWW

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This was the name for the labor group of the Industrial Workers of the world with the spokesperson William Haywood. They argued that all workers should be united and the wage system should be eliminated.

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Panama Canal

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This was the name of the canal completed in 1914 that British, French, and American companies pursued plans for in order to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

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Roosevelt corollary

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This law was put into effect by President Roosevelt in connection with the Monroe Doctrine in 1904. It allowed government to exercise international police power anywhere, specifically the Western United States so they could intervene between Europe and Latin American countries.

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Philippe Bunau-Varilla

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This man served as a minister for Panama who signed a treaty that allowed the United States full control over a ten-mile long canal zone in Panama.

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Open Door Policy

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This was the name of the policy that John Hay had constructed in 1899 that allowed all nationals equal access to trading and development rights in China.

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Russo-Japanese Treaty

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This treaty made by Roosevelt also known as the Treaty of Portsmouth ended the war between Russia and Japan in 1905 signed in New Hampshire. It gave Japan control of Manchuria and maintained its dominant position in Korea.

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Root-Takahira

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This agreement signed in 1908 affirmed the existing status quo in Asia between Korea and Japan, mutual respect for territorial possessions in the Pacific, and the Open Door Trade Policy in China.

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"Dollar Diplomacy"

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This was the strategy followed by President William Howard Taft in which he assumed that the political influence would increase U.S. trade and investment. Also believed in substituting "dollars for bullets".

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Francisco Madero

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This leader won wide support in the Mexican Revolution because of his promise of democracy and economic reform for millions of landless peasants. He was murdered by Victoriano Huerta.

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Victoriano Huerta

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This was the name of a Mexican chief lieutenant who murdered Mexican leader Francisco Madero. President Wilson overthrew this man in Veracruz and was eventually defeated by the ABC Powers.

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ABC Powers

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This referred to the countries of Argentina, Brazil, and Chili who were sent by Wilson in 1914 to mediate the issue with America and Mexico (Huerta).

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Venustiano Carranza

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This was the name of the Constitutionalist, a group that emerged in northern Mexico, who requested for the United States to purchase arms in the issue with Huerta. He defeated Huerta and was named Mexico's "de facto" president.

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Pancho Villa

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A former ally of Carranza who led his rebel army from the north. He tried to bring about a conflict with the United States by having them try and start a war with Mexico. He was chased down by an army after raiding Mexico, but managed to escape.

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John J. Pershing

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This was the name of the United States' general that was sent by President Wilson to capture Poncho Villa in Mexico. He was also the commander of the American Expeditionary Force.

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Triple Alliance

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This group was also known as the Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.

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Triple Entente

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This group was also known as the Allies which included Great Britain, France and Russia.

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Franz Ferdinand

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This was the name of the ruler in the Austro-Hungarian Empire who was assassinated in 1914 in Sarajevo, Bosnia by a Serbian Nationalist.

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U-Boats

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This was the name of the German ship that sank the British liner Lusitania off the coast of Ireland in 1915. Also, this same boat torpedoed the French Sussex in 1916, injuring four Americans.

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Lusitania

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This was the name of the British ship that was sank by the German U-Boats in 1915. This ship was secretly carrying war materials, but 128 American Citizens died.

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Sussex

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This was the name of the unarmed French passenger ship that was torpedoed in 1916 by the German U-Boats.

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William J. Bryan.

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This man was the Democratic Candidate in the election of 1896. He eventually lost the election to McKinley. Also in 1913 he was appointed secretary of state for Woodrow Wilson and was forced to resign after the sinking of the Sussex

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National Security League

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This was the name of the group created by Wilson in order to push for a bigger army and navy and also a system of universal military training.

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National Defense Act

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This act passed in 1916 doubled the size of the regularly army and integrated the state National Guards under federal control.

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Zimmerman Note

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This was the documentation from German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman to the German ambassador in Mexico. It proposed that an alliance be made between Germany and Mexico if the United States entered the war.

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CPI

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This was signed a week after the Declaration of War in order to organize public opinion. This group promoted the war and was headed by George Creel.

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George Creel

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This was the name of the man that headed the CPI. He was a journalist and reformer that raised the arm of public relations to new heights. He wanted to mold Americans into "one white-hot mess...with fraternity, devotion, courage, and deathless determination".

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Eugene Debs

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This was the name of the man who was arrested in Canton, Ohio after he gave a speech defending antiwar protesters. He served thirty-two months in prison before being pardoned in 1921.

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Randolph Bourne

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This was the name of the writer and cultural critic who wrote a series of antiwar essays warning of the disastrous consequences for reform movements of all kinds. He was very famous for these "war intellectuals".

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Selective Service Act

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This legislation provided for the registration and classification for military service of all men between ages twenty-one to thirty-five.

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American Expeditionary Force

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This was the name of the group commanded by General John Pershing that were the primary United States armed forces sent to Europe during World War I.

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War Industries Board

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This was the name of the group created in 1917 by President Wilson which served as a clearinghouse for industrial mobilization to support the war effort. This group was led by Bernard Baruch.

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Bernard Baruch

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This was the name of the Wall Street Speculator who led the War Industries Board.

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Herbert Hoover

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This was the name of a millionaire engineer who was appointed by Wilson as the Food Administration leader. He imposed price controls on sugar, pork, and wheat. He became one of the best known figures of the war administration.

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Food Aministration

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This was the name of the group that imposed price controls on certain agricultural commodities and also increased the price of grain to get a profit. This group was led by Herbert Hoover.

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Liberty Bonds

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This was a form of government borrowing during the war that helped the U.S. raise money for all their expenses.

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National War Labor Board

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This was the name of the group that supported the war effort and acted a kind of Supreme Court for labor and also supported the right for war workers to accept the eight hour work day.

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Russian Revolution

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This is the name for the movement in Russia that started in 1917. This movement destroyed the tsarist autocracy and eventually the creation of the Soviet Union.

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Espionage Act

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This is the legislation that was passed in 1917 that became the government's tool for the suppression of antiwar sentiment. It set severe penalties for anyone found guilty of aiding the enemy, obstructing recruitment, or causing insubordination in the armed forces.

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Sedition Act

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This was the legislation passed in 1918 that outlawed any disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language intended to cause contempt, scorn, contumely, or disrepute to the constitution, government, or flag.

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Shenck Vs. U.S.

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This Supreme Court decision made in 1919 resulted in the court agreeing to restrict speech that is said to be dangerous. Charles Schnck was convicted for mailing pamphlets using army inductees to resist conscription.

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Debs Vs. U.S.

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This Supreme Court decision was made in 1919 in which the court pointed out Eugene Debs guilt for his antiwar speech in Canton.

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NAACP

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This was the name of the group whose writing was documented in "The Crisis" by James Weldon. This group had a meeting on lynching in 1919 and reached its high point by wartime.

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Big Four

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This name refers to the leaders at Versailles in Parris: David Lloyd George, George Clemenceau, Vittorio Orlando, and Woodrow Wilson.

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Fourteen Points

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This term refers to the war aims of President Woodrow Wilson at Versailles, Italy. This plan was eventually broken and only some measures of this plan were taken.

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Treaty of Versailles

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This was the name of the treaty signed in 1919 at the Hall of Mirrors that ended the violence between Germany and the allied powers. The Germans also accepted taking the blame for starting the war by signing it.

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Henry Cabot Lodge

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This was the name of the Republican from Massachusetts who was a powerful majority leader in the senate. He opposed the League of Nations and proposed a series of amendments that would weaken the league.

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Charles Evans Hughes

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This was the name of the Republican candidate in the election of 1916, in which he lost to Woodrow Wilson.

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"Irreconcilables"

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This was the term that referred to those who opposed the Treaty of Versailles. This group never signed the treaty and joined the League of Nations.

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Platt Amendment

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This amendment was passed in 1903 which called for the removal of American troops from Cuba and defined the relationship between the United States and Cuba.

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Armistice

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This term describes a situation of war in which fighting parties agree to stop fighting. Europe declared one in World War One on the "eleventh hour on the eleventh day of the eleventh month" of 1918.

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Great Migration

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This refers to the spread news to African American communities about job openings, residential districts, and boardinghouses in northern cities. Black clubs, churches, and lodges in southern communities often supported this movement.

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Warren Harding

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This man was nominated as the Republican candidate for the election of 1920. He ended up winning this election and presidency in the greatest landslide of his time

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David L. George

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This man, from Great Britain, was represented at Versailles to negotiate a treaty. He was part of the "Big Four", the group that negotiated the Treaty of Versailles.

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Article 10

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This was the most important goal of the league of nations, which called for collective security as the ultimate method of keeping peace.

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Red Scare

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This term indicates the promotion of fear of communism. This event focused on the idea of a socialist revolution and political radicalism.

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Nicholas II

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This man's reign had been overthrown in response to the Russian Revolution in 1917

AP US history chapter 22 – Flashcards

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