AP US History Chapter 2 – Flashcards
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Nationalism
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Feelings of loyalty or duty to a country or nation.
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Primogeniture
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A system giving all land and inheritances to the oldest male child in the family.
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Joint-stock companies
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Groups of people who pool a small amount of their money together toward a common cause.
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Charter
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License given to a person or a group of people to carry out a certain task; including duties and privileges.
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Census
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A count of a region or country's population, occasionally with extra details about the population.
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Feudal
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Describes a system in which land is given out by a governmental head to lords or less-powerful entities.
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Indentured servant
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A person who was given fare to America in return for a contract of servitude that did not have fair conditions.
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Toleration
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Freedom of worship given by a majority church or government to minority churches.
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Squatter
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A farmer who cultivates land that is not legally his.
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Buffer
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A person who serves as a barrier or a divide between people who cannot or should not be together.
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Melting pot
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A region where unlike cultures meld together to form one culture, influenced by each individual culture.
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Lord De La Warr
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A governor of Jamestown. Began a harsh military campaign against the Indians in that area.
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Pocahontas
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Powhatan's daughter; helped to establish peace by acting as though she saved John Smith from an execution, and later married John Rolfe.
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Powhatan
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An Indian Chieftain who ruled a few tribes of Indians and interacted with Jamestown settlers. He originally wanted peace, but later engaged in many wars with the settlers after provocation.
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Handsome Lake
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An Iroquois religious leader who had a vision that the Iroquois nation had to give new birth to their high morals. He helped them to expand again.
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John Rolfe
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Helped to begin the Tobacco industry in Virginia, married Pocahontas to provide temporary peace, and was killed in an Indian attack.
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Lord Baltimore
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Founded Maryland as a sanctuary for Catholicism, tried to accomplish peace between Catholics and Protestants, but failed.
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Walter Raleigh
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Helped to establish the Roanoke Island colony, but when he left, the inhabitants disappeared.
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James Oglethorpe
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A ruler of Georgia; helped to repel an attack from Spain against Georgia. He went to great lengths to help Georgia in any way he could.
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Humphrey Gilbert
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Half-brother of Walter Raleigh. Was the first of the English to attempt colonization, but failed in his attempt.
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Oliver Cromwell
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A military leader who overthrew the crown in the English Civil War, established a temporary republican Commonwealth.
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John Smith
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A leader of Jamestown who saved the colony from downfall through his leadership and encouragement of work.
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Slavery
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The practice of kidnapping African people and bringing them to America to work.
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Enclosure
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Closing off/fencing off land for grazing in England, making life difficult for farmers.
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House of Burgesses
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The first of many small parliaments organized in America.
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Royal Charter
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A written grant made by the crown allowing certain privileges to certain people.
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Slave Codes
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Documents defining the legal relationship between a slave and their master.
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Yeoman
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A landowner who is allowed to vote.
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Proprietor
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A person who was granted a large amount of land by the King.
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Longhouse
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A long wooden building housing multiple families, used by the Iroquois.
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Starving Time
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The winter of 1609-1610, 340 of the original 400 Jamestown settlers died.
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First Anglo-Powhatan War
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A war between the Jamestown settlers and the Powhatan Indians; ended with a peace treaty along with the marriage of John Rolfe and Pocahontas.
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Second Anglo-Powhatan War
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Another war started by the Powhatans in an attempt to rid themselves of the Virginians.
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Act of Toleration
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A law passed in Maryland that gave religious freedom to all Christians but gave death to those who denied Christ.
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Barbados slave code
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A slave code giving almost absolute control to the slave owner, including the right to inflict severe punishment.
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Virginia Company
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A joint-stock company given a charter by the King to colonize the New World.
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Restoration
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When the monarchy was reestablished in England following the republican period after the civil war.
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Savannah Indians
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A group of Indians who formed an alliance with the Carolinas, but later ended that alliance in hopes of better treatment further north.
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Iroquois Confederacy
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An alliance of five Native American nations; fought against Europeans and other tribes, but were eventually destroyed.
