AP US History Chapter 19-21 Test
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The mammoth organization of Union Army veterans that quickly became a powerful national political pressure group was the _______________ of the Republic.
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Grand Army
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In 1869, __________ introduced the elective system and took the lead in reforming higher education in the Gilded Age.
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Harvard
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The __________________ land-grant university system was co-educational from the start.
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Morrill
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In the late nineteenth century, Johns Hopkins, Jonas Clark, and John D. Rockefeller were all
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philanthropists who established universities
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The most influential social Darwinist was the English thinker
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Herbert Spencer
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The leader of what was called progressive education was
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John Dewey
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The leading publisher of magazines directed at average citizens in the 1860s and 1870s
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Frank Leslie
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In his frontier thesis, Frederick Jackson Turner argued that
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it gave Americans unique character
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American painters of the late 19th century such as Winslow Homer and Thomas Eakins painted in a style called
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realism
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The black leader most identified with the "Atlanta Compromise" was
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Booker T. Washington
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The doctrine of "separate but equal" facilities was handed down by the Supreme Court in
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Plessy v. Ferguson
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The most notorious of all city bosses was
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Boss Tweed
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A leading magazine editor and crusading reformer of the early 20th century was
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S.S. McClure
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Theodore Roosevelt called the progressive-era journalists who investigated corruption and fraud in American business and politics
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Muckrakers
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Samuel M. "Golden Rule" Jones, Tom L. Johnson, and Seth Low were all
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progressive mayors
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Legislation protecting workers against on-the-job accidents was inspired by the disastrous
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Triangle Shirt Waist Factory Fire
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The small-town businessman who led an "army" of the unemployed on a march to Washington, D.C. in 1894 was
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Jacob Coxey
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the dramatic "Cross of Gold" speech won the 1896 Democratic presidential nomination for
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William Jennings Bryan
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In Muller v. Oregon (1908) attorney Louis Brandeis presented a so-called "Brandeis brief" to the Supreme Court, which was based on
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economic and sociological evidence
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Woodrow Wilson advocated a program called the
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New Freedom
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In 1912 the breakup of the Republican party produced an independent third party, the Progressives, led by
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Theodore Roosevelt
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Taft got into political hot water in the 1910 "Ballinger-Pinchot" controversy, which dealt with
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conservation
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The politician who advocated a New Nationalism was
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Theodore Roosevelt
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President ________ called his policy of influencing other countries without actually controlling them "dollar diplomacy."
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Taft
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Theodore Roosevelt handpicked ________ to succeed him and carry out his policies
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Taft
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Upton Sinclair's novel The Jungle exposed
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filthy conditions of Chicago slaughterhouses.
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The primary result of the 1906 Hepburn Act was to
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make the Interstate Commerce Commission more powerful and active
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Theodore Roosevelt believed that the most effective means of dealing with big corporations was to
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regulate rather than eliminate them
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The first progressive president and the advocate of the "Square Deal" was
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Theodore Roosevelt
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One example of the progressive drive for political democracy was the Seventeenth Amendment which
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required the popular election of senators
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On the national level, the Progressive Era saw the completion of the struggle for
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suffrage
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Headed by Florence Kelley and associated with lawyer Louis Brandeis, the most effective women's organization of the Progressive Era was the
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consumer's league
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The banner "progressive" state during the early years of the twentieth century was
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Wisconsin
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The election of 1892 seemed to set up a showdown in the election of 1896 on the issue of the
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Silver
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The earlier group from which the Populist movement emerged was the
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Farmer's Alliance
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The Pendleton Act of 1883 was a triumph for those Americans who sought ________ reform.
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Civil Service
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The presidents during the Gilded Age were mostly _____________ leaders
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weak
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The first newspaper editor to reach a truly massive audience without abandoning his basic integrity was ________________________.
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Joseph Pulitzer
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The ________ plan was an urban reform, pioneered in Dayton, Ohio, whereby city affairs are administered on a nonpartisan basis by a professional.
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City Manager
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One of the roots of progressivism was the late-nineteenth century effort to ____________ and control big business.
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Regulate
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In the election of 1896, McKinley's campaign manager who raised an enormous campaign fund from business was ____________________.
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Marcus Hanna
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The platform of the People's or Populist party called for a ________________.
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Income Tax
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In 1892 the Populist nominee for president was former Union General ____________.
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James B. Weaver
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Big-city bosses inadvertently played a major part in ___________ the immigrants.
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Americanizing
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The New York Democrat who won the "dirty" presidential election of 1884 was ________.
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Cleveland
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During 1894 and 1895, at the beginning of ____________ presidency, the economy floundered in one of the worst depressions in American history.
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Cleveland
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In 1881 President ________ was assassinated by Charles Guiteau, an unbalanced office-seeker.
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James A. Garfield
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In 1870, most American colleges were
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small and intellectually stagnant with few professors of any intellectual repute.
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The emphasis of Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. on evolutionary change had a profound impact upon twentieth century
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Jurisprudence
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The "bloody shirt" issue of the late1800s refers to
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Post-Civil War sectional tensions.
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After the election of 1892, it became clear that ______ was of utmost interest to voters.
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the coinage of silver.
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Which of the following was Democratic candidate Woodrow Wilson's term in the 1912 presidential campaign for a proposed policy that would restore competition by breaking up the trusts and punishing corporations that violated rules of business conduct?
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New Freedom
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The Coinage Act of 1873, which demonetized silver, came to be known as the ________ by the silver interests.
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"Crime of '73"
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A form of education which illustrated the popular desire for new information in the late nineteenth century was the
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Chautauqua movement.
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In Thorstein Veblen's Theory of the Leisure Class (1899) he
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theorized that middle-class consumption was done mainly for superficial purposes
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painted realistically, as seen in his graphic surgical painting "The Gross Clinic."
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Thomas Eakins
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Editor of Atlantic Monthly, wrote about common people and controversial social topics.
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William Dean Howells
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lived an eccentric life. His best-known painting was of his mother.
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James Whistler
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as a pioneering American psychologist and philosopher. He wrote influential books on the young science of psychology, educational psychology, psychology of religious experience and mysticism, and the philosophy of pragmatism
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William James
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Chief leader of the moderate approach to achieving black rights within American society was
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Thomas Fortune
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ran for president, waving bloody shirt and won time grandson of william henry harrison
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Benjamin Harrison
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1912 election
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tr failed to win reelection, break republican party up created progressive party
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Progressive mayors
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samuel jones, tom johnson, seth low
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ashcan artist
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early 20th century artists the slums the focused around progressive political social problems, robert henry george Lukes. turned to city streets slums and the working class for subject matter
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