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Dawes Severalty Act of 1887

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The U.S. broke up Native American reservations and gave Native American families homesteads to farm. Homesteaders were required to live on their land for 25 years and were required to give up their Native American traditions. At the end of the 25 years, Native Americans would own the land and would become U.S. citizens. THEY LOST MUCH OF THE LAND THAT THEY HAD BEFORE THE DAWES ACT.

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"Open Range"

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vast areas of grassland owned by the federal government.

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Crop Lien system

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..., Similar to sharecropping — merchants loan food and supplies to farmers so they can farm; farmers have to pay them back with some of their crops. When harvests were bad, farmers got deeper and deeper in debt to merchants.

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vertical integration

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Think of Carnegie., Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution

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horizontal integration

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Type of monopoly where a company buys out all of its competition. ***Ex. Rockefeller, A technique used by John D. Rockefeller. Horizontal integration is an act of joining or consolidating with ones competitors to create a monopoly. Rockefeller was excellent with using this technique to monopolize certain markets. It is responsible for the majority of his wealth., One company's control of other companies producing the same product

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women in the workplace

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Self sufficient female workers DECREASED family time and lead to fewer children. They worked due to greed, the wanted more money for their family and to support the family.

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urbanization

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movement of people from rural areas to cities. Cities grew due to new immigrants (Latin Americans, Asians), Blacks and rural migrants all seeking economic opportunities

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sports/leisure activities

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Cities began setting aside green space for recreation; gender roles began to change, clothing styles differed

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patents

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licenses that give an inventor the exclusive right to make, use, or sell an invention for a set period of time

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Thomas Edison

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"Wizard of Menlo Park", he developed DC electricity,;

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federal immigration policy

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...

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Jacob Riis

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..., Early 1900's muckraker who exposed social and political evils in the U.S. with his novel "How The Other Half Lives"; exposed the poor conditions of the poor tenements in NYC and Hell's Kitchen

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Native American leaders

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...

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Ghost Dance

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..., A ritual the Sioux performed to bring back the buffalo and return the Native American tribes to their land.

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Sand Creek Masssacre

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..., In 1864, Colorado, John Chivington raided a village of the Arap. and Cheyenne Indians. This land was protected by the government. 70 warriors and over 200 women and children died. The indian chief, Black Kettle waved flags over his tepee for peace.

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battle of Little Big Horn

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One o the few victories of the Native Americans in battles between the U.S. troops.

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Wounded Knee Massacre

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Last armed conflict between Native Americans and the U.S. army.

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"New Immigrants"

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...

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long distance cattle drives

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Long-distance cattle driving was traditional with Spaniards establishing ranching in New World and began driving herds northward from Mexico, to California and Texas,

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political "bosses"

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..., powerful politician who controls work done locally and demands payoffs from businesses

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Social Darwinism

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Teaches that natural competition weeds out the weak companies and ONLY the stronger ones survive. Formulated by Herbert Spencer* He said that human race is 'survival of the fittest': Rich were strong, poor were weak. Really liked by upper middle class.

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Gospel of Wealth

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Gods will that some men attained great wealth

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Social Gospel

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..., Movement led by Washington Gladden - taught religion and human dignity would help the middle class over come problems of industrialization

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Nativism

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People who are opposed to Immigrants. They believe native-born are superior to other races.

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Helen Hunt Jackson

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United States writer of romantic novels about the unjust treatment of Native Americans. She saw the abuse of Native Americans as a moral issue. She wrote and congress read A Century of Dishonor which highlighted the broken treaties and abuses of Native Americans by America. Her work resulted in the Dawes Act which sought to empower Native American by granting them individual land holding and forced education of their children into American culture.

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transcontinental railroads

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The Central Pacific Railroad, was built by mainly Chinese worked in this one. The Union Pacific Railroad, was built by mainly Irish. North America in the 1860s, linking the railway network of the Eastern United States with California on the Pacific coast; made communication and trade throughout the country easier; opened west to miners and open range ranching; Irish and Chinese workers played role in construction; led to the near extinction of buffalo

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Booker T. Washington

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...

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W. E. B. DuBois

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...

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Homestead Act of 1862

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..., this allowed a settler to acquire 160 acres by living on it for five years, improving it and paying about $30

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Haymarket Act of 1862

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...

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Settlement House

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..., a center in an underprivileged area that provides community services

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Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862

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..., This Act was to encourage more settlers into the Great Plains (passed along with the Homestead Act of 1862). The Act set aside land and provided money for agricultural college which allowed, eventually, for agricultural to become industrialized

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Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890

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..., The Act forbade combination in restraint of trade without any distinction between "good" trusts and "bad" trusts. The law proved ineffective because it contained legal loopholes and it made all large trusts suffer, not just bad ones.

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Plessy v. Ferguson

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..., sumpreme court ruled that segregation public places facilities were legal as long as the facilites were equal

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labor unions

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A group created to improve conditions of workers.

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"Rober Baron"

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...

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"Jim Crow"

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Laws written to separate blacks and whites in public areas/meant African Americans had unequal opportunities in housing, work, education, and government

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Andrew Carnegie

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..., Creates Carnegie Steel. Gets bought out by banker JP Morgan and renamed U.S. Steel. Andrew Carnegie used vertical integration by buying all the steps needed for production. Was a philanthropist. Was one of the "Robber barons"

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Henry Bessemer

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..., creates process that produces steel by purifying iron ore

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Phillip Armour

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..., He was a meat king that used a trust to get wealthy. It showed that wealth was dominating the common wealth.

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J. P. Morgan

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..., Banker who buys out Carnegie Steel and renames it to U.S. Steel. Was a philanthropist in a way; he gave all the money needed for WWI and was payed back. Was one of the "Robber barons"

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John D. Rockefeller

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He became the Richest man in the world as founder and president of the STANDARD OIL COMPANY. In order to monopolize the oil industry, he created a TRUST.

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President James Garfield

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He was assassinated.

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Knights of Labor

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1st effort to create National union. Open to everyone but lawyers and bankers. Vague program, no clear goals, weak leadership and organization. Failed

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Pullman Strike

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It has had the greatest effect on the RAILROAD industry.

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"New South"

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..., a term coined by henry w. grady and used to describe the southern states after reconstruction

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Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

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..., The most radical union in U.S. history, it was dedicated to the overthrow of capitalism. It was formed in Chicago in 1905 and its members were nicknamed "Wobblies" It was active in mainstream politics (its Detroit Conference of 1909 agreed to support the presidential campaign of the Socialist Eugene Debs), but other sections of the movement indulged in sabotage and sought to foment strikes. Such actions resulted in prosecutions and alienation of many potential supporters, allowing the government to label the IWW as "red fanatics." Between 1912 and 1915, when its influence was strongest, the union had 100,000 members but it declined rapidly after the Red Scare.

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Credit Mobilier

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..., Scandalous company created by Union Pacific Railroad insiders, it distributed shares of its stock to Congressmen to avoid detection

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"King Monopoly"

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...

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Rebates

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SECRET DISCOUNTS Developed in the 1880s, a practice by which railroads would give money back to its favored customers, rather than charging them lower prices, so that it could appear to be charging a flat rate for everyone.

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Mark Twain

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United States writer and humorist best known for his novels about Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn (1835-1910)

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Stephen Crane

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..., wrote Red Badge of Courage; American novelist, short story writer, poet, journalist, raised in NY and NJ; style and technique: naturalism, realism, impressionism; themes: ideals v. realities, spiritual crisis, fears

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Jack London

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..., United States writer of novels based on experiences in the Klondike gold rush (1876-1916), Call of the Wild

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Barbed wire destroyed the _________________ cattle industry because it prevented the free movement of cattle.

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"Open range"

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***EXTRA VOCAD***sitting bull

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a chief of the Sioux; he lead the victory of Little Bighorn

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chief joseph

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leader of the Nez Perce in their retreat from United States troops

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Geronimo

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Apache leader who fought U.S. soldiers to keep his land. He led a revolt of 4,000 of his people after they were forced to move to a reservation in Arizona.

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John Wesley Powell

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explorer and geologist who warned that traditional agriculture could not succeed west of 100th meridian

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William Hope Harvey

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author of the popular pro-silver pamphlet "Coin's Financial School"

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Eugene V. Debs

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Railway leader who converted to socialism while serving jail time during the Pullman Strike

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James B. Weaver

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Former Civil War general and Granger who ran as the Greenback Labor party candidate for president in 1880

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May Lease

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"less corn and more hell"

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populism

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The movement to increase farmers' political power and to work for legislation in their interest.

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Mark Hanna

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the man who did most of the work campaigning for McKinley; sold McKinley through newspapers

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site of Indian massacre by militia forces in 1864

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sand creek, colorado

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Louis Sullivan

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United States architect known for his steel framed skyscrapers and for coining the phrase 'form follows function'

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Walter Rauschenbusch

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New York clergyman who preached the social gospel, worked to alleviate poverty, and worked to make peace between employers and labor unions

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Jane Adams

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brilliant feminist writer who advocated cooperative cooking and child care arrangements to promote women's economic independence and equality

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Dwight l moody

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Evangelist who preached the social gospel.

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Mary baker eddy

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spiritual healing

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Booker t. Washington

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felt that African Americans should accept segregation and the best way to overcome it is to improve you farming an d vocational skills

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William James

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United States pragmatic philosopher and psychologist (1842-1910)

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henry George

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He wrote Progress and Poverty .

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Emily Dickinson

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gifted but isolated New England poet, the bulk of whose works were not published until after her death

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Mark Twain

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United States writer and humorist best known for his novels about Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn

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Victoria Woodhull

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radical, publicly proclaimed free love, fought for women's rights, women's suffrage (vote), first female to run for presidency

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Anthony Comstock

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This man waged war on the "immoral" such as obscene pictures and pills. He also had a law named after him

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Charlotte Perkins Gilman

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Brilliant feminist writer who advocated cooperative cooking and child-care arrangements to promote women's economic independence and equality

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henry adams

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well connected and socially prominent historian who feared modern trends and sought relief in the beauty and culture of the past

AP US History Chapt. 23-26 – Flashcards

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