AP US History Chap. 16 + 19

Shosphone, Ute, Sioux, Cheyenne

Passed in 1862, it gave 160 acres of public land to any settler who would farm the land for five years. The settler would only have to pay a registration fee of $25.

1873-act of Congress added to the Homestead Act stating a person who planted 40 acres of trees and maintained timber for 10 years were granted 160 acres of land

this land ownership oppurtunity passed in 1877 allowed a prospective land owner to purchase up to 640 acres of land on the condition that the land would be irrigated with in 3 years of the purchase

of 1862, in this act, the federal government had donated public land to the states for the establishment of college; as a result 69 land- grant institutions were established.

in the mid 19th century, groups of miners searching for precious metal (gold and silver) began the surge into the West, beginning the boom-bust cycles of settlement

The Chinese were originally attracted by the gold rush. 200,000 Chinese immigrants arrived to the United States between 1850 and 1880. The became a minority in California's population-about 9%-but represented about a quarter of the state's labor force because virtually all of them were actively employed. Most of them migrated as indentured servants to escape poverty-the Chinese migrated to Australia, Hawaii, and Latin America. Once in America, the Chinese usually entered the orbit of the Six Companies, a powerful confederation of Chinese merchants in San Fran's Chinatown. Most of the migrants were young men eager to earn a stake and return to their native Cantonese villages. Most of the women worked as servants and prostitutes. Some were sold by their poor parents, and other were kidnapped by procurers and transported to America.

Networks of iron (later steel) rails on which steam (later electric or diesel) locomotives pulled long trains at high speeds. First railroads were built in England in the 1830s. Success caused a railroad building boom lasting into the 20th Century (704)

device with two long arms hinged together; used in the lab to hold a test tube or flask to avoid injury

Pased in 1882; banned Chinese immigration in US for a total of 40 years because the United States thought of them as a threat. Caused chinese population in America to decrease.

the Great Plains from Texas to Canada where many ranchers raised cattle in the late 1800's

His real name was William F. Cody and was an American adventurer, soldier, and showman of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. His popular \"Wild West Show,\" begun in the 1880s, featured acts such as the marksmanship of Annie Oakley, mock battles between Native Americans and army troops, and breathtaking displays of cowboy skills and horsemanship. It toured the United States, Canada, and Europe.

Master of satire. A regionalist writer who gave his stories \"local color\" through dialects and detailed descriptions. His works include The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, \"The Amazing Jumping Frog of Calaverus County,\" and stories about the American West.

Ranged from colonial times to the Wounded Knee massacre and \"closing\" of the American frontier in 1890, generally resulted in the conquest of American Indians and their assimilation or forced relocation to Indian reservations

a chief of the Sioux who resisted the invasion of the Black Hills and joined Sitting Bull in the defeat of General Custer at Little Bighorn (1849-1877)

Sioux chief who led the attack on Custer at the Battle of the Little Bighorn

Sioux leader sitting bull led the fight against general George Custer and the 7th cavalry. The Sioux wanted miners out of the black hills, and had appealed to government officials in Washington to stop the miners. Washington doesn't listen. When custer came to little bighorn rivers sitting bull and his warriors were ready and killed them all!

Native American Tribe that will flee capture from U.S. Troops, who almost make it to Canada.

Leader of Nez Perce. Fled with his tribe to Canada instead of reservations. However, US troops came and fought and brought them back down to reservations

A tribe of Native Americans who live in the Southwestern United States.

An act that removed Indian land from tribal possesion, redivided it, and distributed it among individual Indian families. Designed to break tribal mentalities and promote individualism.

Responsible for distributing land and adequate supplies to anyone willing to farm as well as maintaining peaceful between the reservation and its neighbors. A school and other communal buildings were promised by the treaty.

village in South Dakota. In 1890 it was the site of a massacre of Native North Americans in which between 150 and 370 Sioux people were killed, most of them unarmed.

Homestead Act, Toubles with houses, weather, insects, and fires. They learned how to farm from farming colleges after the Morril Act

supporters of paper money: West, expansionist, manufacturers, farmers in debt

1. RRs -higher freight rates for farm goods -higher rates in the South & West -Controlled elevator & warehouses w/o a set price 2. Insitutions controlling credit 3. Prices -both recieved & paid for -To anser these problems, farmers will organize & fight the gov. -The Grange or Populist Movement

Four year economic depression caused by overspeculation on railroads and western lands, and worsened by Grant's poor fiscal response (refusing to coin silver

gradually raised their goals from individual self-improvement to improvement of the farmers' collective troubles. They established cooperatively owned stores for consumers and cooperatively owned grain elevators and warehouses for producers

1876; The Supreme Court upheld the Granger laws. The Munn case allowed states to regulate certain businesses within their borders, including railroads, and is commonly regarded as a milestone in the growth of federal government regulation.

favorable to state regulation of those phases of interstate commerce upon which Congress itself had not acted. The court declared invalid an Illinois law prohibiting long- and short-haul clauses in transportation contracts as an infringement on the exclusive powers of Congress granted by the commerce clause of the Constitution. The result of the case was denial of state power to regulate interstate rates for railroads, and the decision led to creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission

Farmers encountered problems in the 1870s and 1880s - overproduction of farm products caused prices to drop drastically, leading to less profits - at the same time, the cost of farm equipment and RR rates rose - farmers lost money and fell further into debt - many began banding together to protect their interests by collectively standing up to RRs and other industries they felt were overcharging them - local farmers formed cooperatives called granges - pooled their resources to purchase new machinery and supplies, as well as to sell their produce without paying other distributors - by 1874, farmers joined over 14,000 national associations - founded a number of other cooperatives as well, such as Northwestern Alliance, Southern Farmers; Alliance, and the Colored Farmers; National Alliance

1890 - The leaders of what would later become the Populist Party held a national convention in Ocala, Florida and adopted a platform advocating reforms to help farmers.

Farm-based movement of the late 1800s that arose mainly in the area from Texas to the Dakotas and grew into a joint effort between farmer and labor groups against big business and machine-based politics. The movement became a third party in the election of 1892.

Populist stood for silver, mended with Democratic Party. 50 cents on Dollar, help inflate currency to get farmers out of debt.

through the coinage act of 1873, the US ended the minting of silver dollars and placed the country on the gold standard. this was attacked by those who supported an inflationary monetary policy, particularly farmers and believed in the unlimited coinage of silver

Political issue involving the unlimited coinage of silver, supported by farmers and William Jennings Bryan

prohibited rebates and pools, required railroads to publish rates, forbade discrimination against shippers, and outlawed charging more for short haul than for a long one over the same line

Serious economic depression beginning in 1893. Began due to rail road companies over-extending themselves, causing bank failures. Was the worst economic collapse in the history of the country until that point, and, some say, as bad as the Great Depression of the 1930s.

Republican William McKinley defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan in 1896. Bryan was the nominee of the Democrats, the Populist Party, and the Silver Republicans.Economic issues, including bimetallism, the gold standard, Free Silver, and the tariff, were crucial.

United States lawyer and politician who advocated free silver and prosecuted John Scopes (1925) for teaching evolution in a Tennessee high school (1860-1925)

An impassioned address by William Jennings Bryan at the 1896 Deomcratic Convention, in which he attacked the \"gold bugs\" who insisted that U.S. currency be backed only with gold.

signed by McKinley. It stated that all paper money would be backed only by gold. This meant that the government had to hold gold in reserve in case people decided they wanted to trade in their money. Eliminated silver coins, but allowed paper Silver Certificates issued under the Bland-Allison Act to continue to circulate.

a decrease in the general level of prices