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patronage

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a system in which benefits, including jobs, money, or protection are granted in exchange for political support

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mercantilism

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the economic and political theory that colonial economics should be subordinated for the benefit of the British empire

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depreciate

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to decrease in value, as in the decline of the purchasing power of money, which swiftly depreciated

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veto

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the constitutional right of a ruler or executive to block legislation passed by another unit of government

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monopoly

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the complete control of a product or sphere of economic activity by a single producer or business

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admiralty courts

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in British law, special administrative courts designed to hangle maritime cases without a jury

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virtual representation theory

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the political theory that a class of persons is represented in a lawmaking body without direct vote

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nonimportant agreement

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pledges to boycott, or decline to purchase, certain goods from abroad; effective form of resistance agaisnt the Stamp Act

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mulatto

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a person of mixed African and European ancestry

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duty (duties)

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a customs tax on the export or import of goods

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propaganda

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a systematic program or particular materials designed to promote certain ideas; sometimes but not always the term is used negatively, implying the use of manipulative or deceptive means

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boycott

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an organized refusal to deal with some person, organization, or product

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inflation

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an increase in the supply of currency relative to the goods available, leading to a decline in the purchasing power of money

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desert

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to leave official government or military service without permission

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the British theory of mercantilism, by which the colonies were governed, held that...

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the colonial economy should be carefully controlled to serve the mother country's needs

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one of the ways in which mercantilism harmed the colonial economy was...

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by inhibiting the development of banking and paper currency in the colonies

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the mobilization of "nonimportation" policies against the Stamp Act was politically important because..

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it aroused revolutionary fervor among many ordinary American men and women

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when British officials decided to enforce the East India Company's tea monopoly and the three-pence tax on tea...

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colonists were outraged because they saw it as a trick to undermine their principled resistance to the tax

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The British reacted to the Boston Tea Party by...

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closing the Port of Boston until damages were paid and order restored

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American colonists especially resented the Townshend Acts because...

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the revenues from the taxation would go to support British officials and judges in America

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The passage of the Quebec Act aroused intense American fears because...

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it extended Catholic jurisdiction and a non-jury judicial system into the western Ohio country

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The most important action the Continental Congress took to protest the Intolerable Acts was...

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forming The Association to impose a complete boycott of all British goods

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The event that precipitated the first real shooting between British and American colonists was...

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the British attempt to seize colonial supplies and leaders at Lexington and Concord

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The British parliamentary government at the time of the American Revolution was headed by...

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Lord North

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The American rebellion was especially dangerous to the British because they were also worried about...

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possible revolts in IReland and war with France

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The British political party that was generally more sympathetic to the American cause was...

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the Whig Party

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One of the advantages the British enjoyed in the impending conflict with the colonies was...

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the ability to enlist foreign soldiers, Loyalists, and Native Americans in their military forces

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One of the advantages the American colonists enjoyed in the impending conflict with Britain was...

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fighting defensively on a large, agriculturally self-sufficient continent

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In the Revolutionary War, African Americans...

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fought in both the American patriot and British loyalist military forces

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Navigation Acts

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the set of parliamentary laws, first passed in 1650, that restricted colonial trade and directed it to benefit of Britain

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Enumerated Goods

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the term of products, such as tobacco, that could be shipped only to England and not to foreign markets

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Admirality Courts

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hated British courts in which juries were not allowed and defendants were assumed guilty until proven innocent

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Britain's Virtual Representation

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British governmental theory that Parliament spoke for all British subjects, including Americans, even if they did not vote for its members

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Tea

answer

the product taxed under the Townshend Acts that generated the greatest colonial resistance

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Committes of Correspondance

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underground networks of communication and propaganda, established by Samuel Adams, that sustained colonial resistance

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Catholic

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religion that was granted toleration in the trans-Allegheny West by the Quebec Act, arousing deep colonial hostility

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Whigs

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British political party opposed to Lord North's Tories and generally more sympathetic to the colonial cause

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Hessians

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German mercenaries hired by George III to fight the American revolutionaries

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Continental Paper Money

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paper currency authorized by Congress to finance the Revolution depreciated to near worthlessness

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The Association

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effective organization created by the First Continental Congress to provide a total, unified boycott of all British goods

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Minute Men

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rapidly mobilized colonial militiamen whose refusal to disperse sparked the first battle of the Revolution

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Red Coats

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popular term for British regular troops

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John Hancock

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wealthy president of the Continental Congress and "King of the Smugglers"

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George Grenville

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British minister who raised a storm of protest by passing the Stamp Act

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Stamp Act

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legislation passed in 1765 but repealed the next year, that taxed all printed goods: ship's papers, legal documents, licenses, newspapers, other publications, and playing cards

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Sons and Daughters of Liberty

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male and female organizations that enforced the nonimportation agreements, sometimes by coercive means

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"Champagne Charley" Townshend

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minister whose clever attempt to impose import taxes nearly succeeded, but eventually brewed trouble for Britain

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Crispus Attucks

answer

alleged leader of radical protesters killed in Boston Massacre

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George III

answer

stubborn ruler, lustful for power, who promoted harsh ministers like Lord North

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Samuel Adams

answer

zealous defender of the common people's rights and organizer of underground propaganda committees

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Boston Tea Party

answer

event organized by disguised "Indians" to sabotage British support of a British East India Company monopoly

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Intolerable Acts

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harsh measures of retaliation for a tea party, including the Boston Port Act closing that city's harbor

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Thomas Hutchinson

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British governor of Massachusetts whose stubborn policies helped provoke the Boston Tea Party

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First Continental Congress

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body led by John Adams that issued a Declaration of Rights and organized The Association to boycott all British goods

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Marquis de Lafayette

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nineteen-year-old major general in the Revolutionary army

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Baron von Steuben

answer

organizational genius who turned raw colonial recruits into tough professional soldiers

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Quartering Act

answer

legislation that required colonists to feed and shelter British troops; disobeyed in New York and elsewhere

AP US Chapter 7: The Road to Revolution, 1763-1775 – Flashcards

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