A Rejection of Imperialism

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1) In what way was Latin American different from the other regions that remained outside the direct control of Western imperialism?
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During the century of imperialism, Latin America cast off previous colonial controls through revolution
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2) Which of the following was NOT one of the beliefs that Latin America shared with the West during the 19 century?
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Belief in absolute monarchy
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3) Which of the following events was rejected by Creole elites as a model of revolution because of excessive radicalism?
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French revolution
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4) What was the impact of the Haitian independence movement on Latin America?
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creole elites viewed it as a horrible example of social upheaval
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5) How was Brazilian independence achieved?
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Pedro the prince of Brazil declared independence.
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6) In what way was the government of independent Brazil different from those of the other newly created Latin American nations?
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It was a monarchy
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7) In what way was the experience of the Napoleonic wars different for Portugal than for Spain?
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The royal family fled the country and sailed to Brazil
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8) Which of the following statements concerning the Diaz government in Mexico is most accurate?
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Under the guise of modernization, the forms of Liberal government were maintained but were subverted in order to keep Diaz in power
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9) Which of the following statements is most accurate? (About Catholocism in L.A.)
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While most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism as the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the exclusion of other faiths
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10) Which of the following statements concerning Argentina between 1880 and 1920 is most accurate?
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The immigration of European laborers led to an increasingly radical work force and the development of Socialist Party by the 1890s
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11) Which of the following statements most accurately describes the economy of Latin America in the period from 1880 to 1920?
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Latin America experienced a spurt of economic growth fueled by the increasing demand for raw materials, food stuffs, and tropical crops
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12) Which of the following was not a weakness associated with the Ottoman Empire in the 18th century?
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Conversion of much of the population to Christianity
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13) By the 1870s, the Ottoman Empire
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had been driven from virtually all of the Balkans
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14) Which of the following statements concerning the Muslim economy at the beginning of the 18th century is most accurate?
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Merchants within the empire, especially those who were Jews or Christians, grew more dependent on commercial dealings with European counterparts.
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15) Which of the following statements concerning the reforms of Mahmud II is most accurate?
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Mahmud patterned his reform program on Western precedents, including the creation of diplomatic corps.
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16) Which of the following was not part of the Tanzimat reforms in the Ottoman Empire?
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Elimination of religious protection for minority religious groups
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17) Which of the following reforms resulted from the coup in the Ottoman Empire of 1908?
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The Constitution of 1876 was restored
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18) The following reforms undertaken by Muhammad Ali failed?
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Build up of an Egyptian industrial sector
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19) What was the result of the rebellion by the Egyptian army officers in 1882?
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the Khedive called on the British to crush the rebellion resulting in British overlordship of Egypt
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20) Which of the following statements concerning the Manchu government is most accurate?
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Though Manchus occupied a disproportionate number of the highest political positions, there were few limits on Chinese promotions within the imperial bureaucracy
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21) In what area did the Manchus attempt to take strong measures of reform?
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alleviating rural distress and unrest
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22) What accounts for the general failure of Manchu attempts at reform?
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enormous population growth and the disappearance of open lands
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23) All the following signs of dynastic decline were apparent in the Qing regime by the beginning of the 19th century EXCEPT
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Failure of foreign commerce
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24) What was the impact of the British opium trade on China?
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within years chinas favorable balance of trade was reversed and silver began to flow out of the country
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25) What was the outcome of the Opium war?
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Forced China to open trade and diplomatic exchanges
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26) What was the political and social position of the Manchu rulers at the end of the 19 century?
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The manchu rulers stubornly resisted the far reaching reforms that were the only hope of saving regime/ chinese civilisation Relied on divisions between the provincial officials and between the European powers to maintain their positions
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27) Of the following regions, which defied the common pattern of growing Western domination in the 19 century?
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Russia and Japan
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28) Which of the following statements concerning the development of Russia and Japan to 1900 is NOT accurate?
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Both Russia and Japan to achieved economic autonomy and a share in the West's core position
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29) Which of the following represents a significant difference between Russia and Japan?
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Russia engaged in selective borrowing from Western models by 1700.
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30) Which of the following reflects a significant similarity between Japan and Russia during the period of industrialization prior to 1914?
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Both Japan and Russia had prior experience of imitation, Japan from China and Russia from Byzantium and the West.
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31) Which of the following accounts for Russia's lack of significant revolution in 1830 and 1848?
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Political repression
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32) To the following statements concerning Russian territorial expansion is most accurate?
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No massive acquisitions marked the early 19th century, but Russia continued to be an aggressive competitor for territorial expansion
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33) Which of the following statements best describes the Russian economy at the beginning of the 19 century?
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in return for low-cost grain exports, Russia and other east European areas imported Western luxury goods for teh great aristocrats to display as badges of respectability
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34) What accounted for the West's victory over Russia in the Crimean war?
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The western nations won not because of superior tactics or inspired principles, but because of industrial advantages
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35) Which of the following statements concerning the emancipation of the serfs in Russia is most accurate?
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In addition to personal freedom, the serfs were granted parcels of land subject to redemption payments
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36) All of the following were reforms introduced in Russia in the 1860s and 1870s EXCEPT
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the creation of the Duma, a national parliament
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37) What was the first step towards industrialization in Russia?
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Russia began to create an extensive railroad network
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38) Which of the following statements concerning the capitalization of Russian industry is most accurate
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By 1900, half of the Russian industry was foreign
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39) By 1900, how successful was the Russian industrialization program?
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By 1900, Russia had surged to fourth rank in the world in steel production and was second to the United States in the newer area of petroleum production
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40) All the following were part of the rising tide of unrest in Russia during the second half of the 19th century EXCEPT
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the Orthodox Church
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41) What was the general goal of the Russian intelligentsia?
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political freedom, social reform, and retention of Russian culture
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42) Which of the following statements about Russian Marxism is most accurate?
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Lenin introduced important innovations in Marxist theory, including the idea that a proletarian revolution could take place without going through a middle-class phase.
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43) Which of the following did not contribute to working-class radicalism in 19th-century Russia?
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absence of unions
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44) Which of the following Russian developments was not adopted in other Eastern European states?
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Economic autonomy from the West.
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45) Which of the following statements concerning the Tokugawa Shogunate in the 19 century is most accurate?
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The Shogunate continued to combine a central bureaucracy with semi-feudal alliances with regional daimyos and the samurai.
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46) The \"dependency theory\" of economic development is associated with what political group?
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Communists
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47) Which of the following statements concerning Tokugawa intellectual and cultural life is most accurate?
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Literacy in Japan reached levels higher than anywhere else outside the West.
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48) Which of the following was not an advantage of Japan over China In the competition to assume leadership and to establish industrialization in Asia?
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Japan's leadership was less secular and bureaucratic than that of China.
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49) Which of the following statements concerning Japanese political reforms in the period of the Meiji state is not accurate?
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Samurai, destroyed by the removal of government stipends, were banned from participation in the Meiji Diet.
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50) Which of the following statements concerning the status of women in post independence Latin America is most accurate?
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Following independence, women gained little ground and there was virtually no change in the attitudes toward women's proper role in society
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51) What was the primary difference between the reformed Japanese government and reformed Russian institutions by 1914?
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Government control also helped check the many foreign advisors needed by early Japanese industry; here, Japan maintained a closer supervision that its Russian neighbor.
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52) Which of the following beliefs is not associated with the concept of \"modernization\" or \"Westernization\"?
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Change would take place through radical or revolutionary transitions rather than gradually
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53) Which of the following statements concerning Japanese industrialization prior to World War I is correct
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Japan needed exports to pay for machine and resource imports
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54) One of the major similarities between Japanese and Russian industrialization was the fact that
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scarce capital and unfamiliarity of new technology compelled state direction
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55) Which of the following Western cultural characteristics was NOT adopted by large numbers of Japanese?
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Christianity
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56) Which of the following factors did NOT account for the economic stagnation in Latin America from 1820 to 1850?
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Absence of foreign markets for raw materials
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57) Which of the following descriptions of the politicians who led Liberal governments in post 1860 Latin American is NOT accurate?
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They favored expansion of the franchise to Indians and mestizos who represented the \"ancient\" aspects of Latin American civilization
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