A&P Section 18.1-18.3 – Flashcards
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what is an example of a hormone that doesn't bind to receptors on the plasma membrane, but rather to intracellular receptors in the cytoplasm?
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steroid hormones
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what is the slender, funnel-shaped structure that connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus?
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infundibulum
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Which of the following is NOT a way hormones affect target cells?
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causing an action potential to occur
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The hypothalamus secretes regulatory hormones that affect what gland?
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pituitary gland
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Which of the following is an important second messenger produced by hormonal effects on a target cell?
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cyclic amp
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In what category are the eicosanoids, based on chemical structure?
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lipid derivatives
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Which of the following statements about hormones is FALSE?
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they are involved in direct communication between cells
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Why is the hypothalamus a major coordinating and control center?
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it contain autonomic centers and acts as an endocrine organ
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Often, when brains are removed from the body and examined in dissection, the pituitary gland is missing. This is likely because it is encased in which of the following bony structures?
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sella turcica
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What is meant by the term second messenger in endocrine communication?
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An intermediary molecule produced by hormone and receptor interaction
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Which of the following is NOT classified as an amino acid-derivative hormone?
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eicosanoids
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What type of communication uses gap junctions to allow communication between adjacent cells?
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direct communication
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Which of the following would NOT be characterized as an endocrine-controlled process?
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the constriction of iris muscles when a bright light is shined on the eye
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A hormone that stimulates the opening of calcium channels and interaction with calmodulin __________.
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will trigger the activation of cytoplasmic enzymes
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Which hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis simulates the release of hormones by the adrenal cortex?
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adrenocorticotropic hormone
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What is an example of a hormone that doesn't bind to receptors on the plasma membrane, but rather to intracellular receptors in the cytoplasm?
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steroid hormones
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The hypothalamus provides the highest level of endocrine control. Which of the following is NOT a way the hypothalamus provides that control?
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the hypothalamus produces and secretes neurotransmitters, and distributes them to neurons
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The release of hormones by endocrine cells alters the __________.
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metabolic activities of many tissues and organs simultaneously
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Which pituitary hormone causes liver cells to release somatomedins that increase the rate of uptake of amino acids by cells such as skeletal muscle fibers?
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growth hormone
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Which pituitary hormone causes a decrease in the amount of water lost in the kidneys?
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antidiuretic hormone
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Which of the following hormones is secreted in the pituitary gland and controls melanin production during fetal development, in young children, in pregnant women, and in some disease states?
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melanocyte-stimulating hormone
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The biogenic amino hormones include __________.
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E. NE. dopamine. melatonin, and thyroid hormones
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What is another name for the posterior lobe of the pituitary?
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neurohypophysis
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Which type of communication is involved in short-lived communication and crisis management?
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synaptic communication
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An abnormally low production of gonadotropin produces a condition called __________.
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hypogonadism
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Response patterns in the endocrine system are particularly effective in __________.
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coordinating cell tissue and organ activities on a sustained long-term basis
