AP Psychology Midterm Study Guide
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
wilhelm wundt
answer
opened the first experimental laboratory in psychology
question
biological perspective
answer
cause of behavior is our brain , to change behaviors, you have to change the way the brain functions
question
behaviorism perspective
answer
environment impacts the way you behave such as conditions like rewards/punishments
question
cognitive perspective
answer
based on mental processes, speaking and thinking people act because they think, people think because they are human
question
humanistic perspective
answer
people areinnately good and capable of choice main task of humans is to grow and develop
question
psychodynamic perspective
answer
behavior is result of unconscious dynamics, inner forces not based on observation
question
sociocultural perspective
answer
behavior results from social and cultural influences
question
evolutionary perspective
answer
mental abilities evolve over millions of years
question
correlation coefficient
answer
measures the strength and direction between two variables, the closer to 0 the less of a relationship there is
question
confirmation bias
answer
interpret information in a way which confirms ones perceptions and statistical errors
question
statistically significant
answer
psychologist understand there is a 5% that results occurred by chance, something outside of experiment caused the result
question
permeability
answer
ability of gates to open and close and let chemicals (sodium phosphate) into the neuron, open when action potential hits, at rest they are closed
question
ACh
answer
neurotransmitter affected by Alzheimer
question
GABA
answer
neurotransmitter linked to seizures
question
parasympathetic nervous system
answer
controls homeostasis at rest and is responsible for bodies rest and digest
question
sympathetic nervous system
answer
controls bodies responses to a perceived threat, fight or flight
question
heritability
answer
variation among individuals than can attribute to genes
question
natural selection
answer
among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations
question
signal detection theory
answer
predict how and when we detect the presence of signal and noise
question
accommodation
answer
eye lens changes to focus on near or far objects on the retina
question
sequence of sound waves
answer
eardrum hammer and anvil and stirrup and the cochlea and hits the Auditory nerve
question
frequency theory
answer
how we perceive low pitch sounds
question
place theory
answer
how we perceive high pitch sounds, where hairs are hit in cochlea
question
stage 1
answer
alpha wave as the brain begins to slow down and and goes through hypnogogic sensations
question
REM sleep
answer
brain and other systems become active muscles become relaxed and paralyzed (paradoxical)
question
withdrawl
answer
physically dependent on a drug or any substance
question
LSD
answer
hallucinations you feel that you are seperate to your body and see things (dancing bunnies) really dangerous
question
barbiturates
answer
slow your system down, breathing
question
associative learning
answer
two different events occur or happen together - dog salivating
question
high-order conditioning
answer
bitten by a bird and you hear a bird you become afraid, not just because of the bite, but any sound it makes
question
conditioned stimulus
answer
bell to make dog salivate
question
unconditioned stimulus
answer
salivation due to the bell
question
extinction
answer
Imagine that you taught your dog to shake hands. Over time, the trick became less interesting. You stop rewarding the behavior and eventually stop asking the animal to shake hands
question
positive reinforcement
answer
strengthening behavior by presenting a desired stimulus after the behavior
question
negative reinforcement
answer
strengthening behavior by removing an averse stimulus when the behavior occurs
question
variable interval
answer
random time
question
fixed interval
answer
a set amount of time, done at a specific time
question
mirror neurons
answer
fire when individual watches somebody else perform the same action, involved in empathy, observational learning, and reading emotions of others
question
long-term memory
answer
where flashbulb memories are stored
question
acoustic encoding
answer
what you hear
question
semantic encoding
answer
knowing the meaning
question
long-term potentiation
answer
storehouse of memory system, increase in semantic encoding contributes to memory formation
question
misinformation effect
answer
someone hears outside information that is not right and add it to their memory
question
prototype
answer
what things should look like in your mind like a chair, boat, cute guy
question
representative heuristic
answer
what your mind perceives that a person is based on action or how they look (stereotype)
question
fixation
answer
inability to see a problem from a different perspective , by employing a different mental set
question
phoneme
answer
smallest distinctive sound unit
question
morpheme
answer
the smallest unit that carries meaning , word or part of a word
question
optimum arousal
answer
motivated to reach the highest level of satisfaction possible
question
refractory period
answer
men cannot get an orgasm one after another (sexual behavior)
question
cannon-bard theory
answer
heart beating and physical reactions occur at the same time
question
james-lange theory
answer
emotion and physical reaction occur from one to another
question
Schachter singer 2 factor
answer
physiological changes can trigger different emotions not only fear
question
oxytocin
answer
hormone used for contractions
question
secure attachment
answer
lasting emotional connection between child and mother
question
insecure attachment
answer
children avoid or ignore caregiver
question
gender roles
answer
set of societal norms dictating types of behaviors are generally considered acceptable, appropriate or desirable for a person based on their actual or perceived sex
question
gender schema
answer
the way we organize ideas about genders
question
lawrence kohlberg
answer
stages of moral development
