AP Psychology Chapter 11 Vocabulary – Flashcards

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intelligence
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mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
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general intelligence
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a factor that according to the Spearman and others underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test
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factor analysis
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a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test. Identifies the different dimensions of performance that underlie one;s total score
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savant syndrome
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a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation
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creativity
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the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas
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emotional intelligence
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the ability to perceive, understand, manage and use emotions
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mental age
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a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet, the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance
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intelligence test
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a method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others using numerical scores
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Stanford-binet
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the widely used american revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet's original intelligence test
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aptitude tests
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a test designed to predict a person's future performance
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achievement tests
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a test designed to assess what a person has learned
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Wechsler Adult intelligence scale
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the most widely used intelligence test. Contains verbal and performance (no-verbal) subtests
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normal curve
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the symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological atrributes
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standardization
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defining of meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested standardization group
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reliability
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the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scored on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting
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validity
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the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
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content vailidity
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the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest
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criterion
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the behavior that a test is designed to predict
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down syndrome
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a condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one's genetic makeup
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expertise
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a well-developed base of knowledge
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imaginative thinking skills
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ability to see things in novel ways, to recognize patterns and to make connections
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venturesome personality
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tolerates ambiguity and risk, preserves overcoming obstacles. and seeks new experiences rather than following the pack
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creative enviroment
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sparks, supports and refines creative ideas
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practical intelligence
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required for everyday tasks which are defined with multiple solutions
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creative intelligence
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demonstrated in reacting adaptively to novel situations and generating novel ideas
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analytical intelligence
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assessed by intelligence tests, which present well defined problems with a single right answer
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intelligence quotient (IQ)
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defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100
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mental retardation
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a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty adapting demands in life
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stereotype threat
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a self-confirming concern one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype
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psychological assessment
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the use of specified procedures to evaluate abilities, behaviors, and personal qualities of people
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formal assessment
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the systematic procedures and measurement instruments used by trained professionals to assess an individual's functioning, aptitudes, abilities, or mental states
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test-retest reliability
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a measure of correlation between the scores of the same people on the same test given on two different occasions
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parallel forms
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different versions of a test used to asses test reliability
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internal consistency
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the degree to which a test yields similar scores across its different parts, such as odds versus even items
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split-half reliability
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a measure of correlation between test takers performance on different halfs
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face validity
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the degree to which test items appear to be directly related to the attribute the researcher wishes to measure
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chronological age
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the number of months or years since an individual's birth
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psychometrics
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the field of psychology that specializes in mental testing
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crystallized intelligence
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the facet of intelligence involoving the knowledge a person has already acquired and the ability to access that knowledge
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fluid intelligence
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the aspect of intelligence that involves the ability to see complex relationships and solve problems
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heritability estimate
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a statistical estimate of the degree of inheritance of a given trait or behavior
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divergent thinking
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an aspect of creativity characterized by an ability to produce unusual but appropriate responses to problems
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