AP Psychology Chapter 10 Intelligence – Flashcards
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Intelligence Test
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a method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores., a method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores
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Mental Age
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a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance
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Stanford-Binet
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the widely used American revision of Binet's original intelligence test
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Intelligence Quotient
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defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (thus, IQ = ma/ca × 100). On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100.
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Aptitude Tests
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a test designed to predict a persons future performance; aptitude is capacity to learn
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Achievement Tests
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tests designed to assess what a person has learned
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Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
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the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests.
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Standardization
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defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested standardization group
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Normal Curve
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the symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes
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Reliability
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the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting.
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Validity
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The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to.
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Content Validity
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the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest (such as a driving test that samples driving tasks).
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Stereotype Threat
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a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype.
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Predictive Validity
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The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior.
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Intelligence
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mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
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Factor Analysis
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a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie one's total score
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General Intelligence (g)
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a general intelligence factor that Spearman and others believed underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test
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Savant Syndrome
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a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing.
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Mental Retardation
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a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound
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Down Syndrome
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a condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one's genetic makeup
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Creativity
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the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas
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Heritability
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the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes
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Emotional Intelligence
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the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
