AP Psych Unit 3 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Enables muscle action, learning and memory. Alzheimer's disease if ______ deteriorates.
answer
Acetylcholine (ACH)
question
Influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion. Excess leads to schizophrenia and decreased leads to Parkinson's.
answer
Dopamine
question
Affects mood, hunger, sleep and arousal. Undersupply linked to depression. Prozac drugs raise ______ levels.
answer
Serotonin
question
Helps control alertness and arousal. Undersupply can depress mood.
answer
Norepinephrine
question
Major inhibitory neurotransmitter. Undersupply linked to seizures, tremors and insomnia.
answer
GABA
question
Major excitatory neurotransmitter, involved with memory. Oversupply produces migraines or seizures.
answer
Glutamate
question
Released in response to pain or exercise. Pain control. Neurotransmitter that allows bear to hibernate.
answer
Endorphins
question
Cells that produce myelin.
answer
Schwann Cells
question
Passes messages away from cell body
answer
Axon
question
Cells life support center
answer
Cell Body
question
Receives messages from other cells
answer
Dendrites
question
Sends messages to other cells
answer
Axon Terminals
question
Gap in myelin sheath where AP occures
answer
Node of Ranvier
question
Organelle in cell body; contains genetic info
answer
Nucleus
question
Covers axon; speeds up neural messages
answer
Myelin Sheath
question
Fluid interior of a resting axon has an excess of negatively charged icons, while the fluid outside the axon membrane has more positively charged ions.
answer
Resting Potential
question
Axons surface is selective about what it lets in.
answer
Selective Permeable
question
Excitatory signals minus inhibitory signals exceed a minimum intensity
answer
Threshold
question
Happens when positive ions flood in, which sends an electrical charge down the axon
answer
Action Potential
question
Positively charged ions are pumped back outside
answer
Refractory period
question
Sending neuron reabsorbs the excess neurotransmitter
answer
Reuptake
question
Molecule may be similar enough to a neurotransmitter to bind its receptor site and mimic its effects (starts the firing)
answer
Protagonist
question
Bind to receptors but their effects instead block a neurotransmitters functioning (stops the firing)
answer
Antagonist
question
Controls heart rate and breathing
answer
Medulla
question
Sensory switchboard
answer
Thalamus
question
Coordinates voluntary movement
answer
Cerebellum
question
Influences aggression and fear
answer
Amygdala
question
Processes memory
answer
Hippocampus
question
Influences hunger, regulates thirst, body temperature and sexual behavior
answer
Hypothalamus
question
Actions such as awake/sleep cycle; alertness/arousal
answer
Reticular Formation
question
Receives sensory input for touch (pressure, pain, heat) and body position
answer
Parietal Lobe
question
Receives visual field information
answer
Occipital Lobe
question
Involved in speaking, making plans and muscle movements
answer
Frontal Lobe
question
Controls language reception, involved in comprehension
answer
Wernicke Area
question
Controls language expression and directs muscle movements involved in speech
answer
Broca Area
question
Lapses into a coma
answer
What happens if you sever a cats reticular formation?
question
Hypothalamus
answer
What brain structure provides a major link between the nervous system and the endocrine system?
question
Broca's area
answer
What brain area is primarily involved with controlling speech?
question
Sensing touch; seeing
answer
Parietal loves are to _____ as the occipital lobes are to ______.
question
Occipital Lobes
answer
Which region of the brain will a fMRI show as active when a person is looking at a photo?
question
Angular Gyrus
answer
What brain area is primarily involved with reading aloud?
question
Seeing; hearing
answer
Occipital Lobes are to _____ as the temporal lobes are to ______.
question
Parietal
answer
Which lobe of the brain receives input that enables you to feel someone scratching your back?
question
Hippocampus
answer
What part of the limbic system plays a role in the processing of new memories?
question
Motor cortex
answer
An area at the rear of the frontal lobes that control voluntary movements is called ...
question
Medulla
answer
Your life would be immediately threatened if you suffered destruction of the...
question
Breathing; walking
answer
Medulla is to the control of ______ as the cerebellum is to the control of _____.
question
Pons
answer
What structure of the brain stem helps coordinates movements and lies above the medulla?
question
Amygdala
answer
What part of the limbic system plays a role in emotions such as aggression and fear?
question
Thalamus
answer
What brain structure receives information from all senses except smell?
question
Reticular Formation
answer
Which region of your brain stem plays a role in arousing you to a state of alertness when someone nearby mentions your name?
question
Cerebral cortex
answer
Thin surface layer of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebrum is called
question
Wernicke's Area
answer
Which brain area is primarily involved with understanding and producing meaningful speech?
question
Selectively permeable
answer
When a neuron is resting and doesn't allow positive sodium ions to pass through
question
Protagonist
answer
When a drug mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
question
Antagonist
answer
When a drug prevents a neuron from firing
question
Myelin Sheath
answer
What speeds up the neural transmission of a neuron?
question
Reuptake inhibitor
answer
Type of drug that prevents the sending neuron from reabsorbing excess neurotransmitters
question
Sympathetic
answer
Part of our nervous system that prepares our body for fight or flight
question
Sensory nueron
answer
Type of neuron that sends information from our eyes to our brain
question
ACH
answer
Lack of this can cause Alzheimer's
question
Dendrites
answer
Part of the neuron that receives information from a sending neuron
question
Synapse
answer
The space between a sending and receiving nueron
question
Threshold
answer
Minimum level of stimulation needed for a neuron to fire
question
Glial cells
answer
Provide life-supporting nutrients to nerve cells
question
Mobilizes energy in stress situations. Raises blood sugar, speeds up heartbeat and stops digestion system.
answer
What happens to our body when the sympathetic nervous system kicks in?
question
Decreases heartbeat, lowers blood sugar, starts digestion system up again.
answer
What happens when the parasympathetic nervous system calms us down?
question
Serotonin
answer
Lack of this neutransmitter can lead to depression
question
Dopamine
answer
Lack of this neurotransmitter can lead to Parkinson's disease
question
Sleep, movement, neuron activity in check.
answer
What is GABA responsible for?
question
Peripheral nervous system
answer
The somatic nervous system is a part of the
question
Autonomic nervous system
answer
The sympathetic and parasympathetic make up the
question
right
answer
What hemispheres help us understand optical illusions?
question
Right
answer
Which hemisphere is responsible for facial recognition?
question
Medulla
answer
Part of your brain that controls breathing and heartbeat
question
Cerebllum
answer
Part of your brain that controls working and balance
question
EEG
answer
Brain scan the doctor would use to study brain waves during sleep
question
Cerebral cortex
answer
Thin layer of neural cells that cover the cerebrum
question
Laterialisation
answer
Hemispheric specialization is also known as
question
PET scan
answer
Brain scan that shows the concentration of glucose in active brain refions
question
fMRI
answer
Brain scan that would help you determine which areas of the brain are active during specific tasks
question
Lips, because of all the muscular functions involved.
answer
What occupied a larger area on my sensory cortex? Lips or knee? Why?
question
Left
answer
Which hemisphere is largely responsible for speech?
question
Brainstem
answer
What brain region is the oldest?
question
Limbic system (Cerebral cortex)
answer
What brain region is the newest?
question
Frontal lobe. His whole personality changed, and his mannerisms.
answer
Phineas Gage showed damage to what area of the brain? How do you know?
question
Brain plasticity
answer
A blind persons sense of touch can invade their visual cortex, what is this an example of?
question
Angular gyrus
answer
This is damaged if I can't read aloud.
question
Frontal lobe
answer
Motor cortex is located in the...
question
Parietal Lobe
answer
Sensory cortex is located in the
question
Hypothalamus
answer
Brain structure that works closely with the endocrine system
question
Wernicke's Area
answer
"Mother is with her working for homework donuts yesterday's telephone," is an example of?
question
Nice job! You got this. If you need help, think of brain plasticity.
answer
Name a few split brain limitations.
question
Genes and environment
answer
Nature vs. Nurture is debating the importance of
question
Neurogenesis
answer
Process for forming new neurons in the brain
question
46 and 23
answer
How many chromosomes does a human have? How many does a sperm cell contain?
question
Chromosomes
answer
What's larger, chromosomes or DNA?
question
Identical twins have the same genes. Fraternal twins do not have the same genes.
answer
What is the difference between an identical and fraternal twins?
question
Basic building block of the nervous system
answer
Neuron
question
Carry information to muscles and glands
answer
Motor Neuron
question
Carry information to brain and spinal cord
answer
Sensory neurons
question
brain and spinal cord
answer
CNS
question
Sensory and motor neurons
answer
PNS
question
Help arouse the body in stress
answer
Adrenal Glands
question
Impairment of language, caused by left hemisphere damage to broca or wernicke's area
answer
Asphasia
question
Fibers that connect left and right brain
answer
Split brain
question
Simultaneous information is processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks
answer
Dual processing
question
Broca's area
answer
Speaking words
question
Angular Gyrus
answer
Seeing words
question
Wernicke's area
answer
Hearing words
question
Sends information from the left half of the visual brain to the right hemisphere. Vice versa.
answer
Left half of the brain does what (visually)
