ap psych terms unit 1 – Flashcards
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behaviorism
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focuses on how we learned observable responses
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cognitive
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focuses on how we encode, process, store, & retrieve information
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functionalism
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theory that emphasizes the functions of the mind & how consciousness helped people adapt to their enviornment
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applied research
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scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
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humanistic
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a system of focusing on the study of the conscious experience, freedom to choose, and capacity for personal growth
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gestalt
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psychological system that focuses on how people organize their perceptions and combined sensory elements to produce new patterns
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positive psychology
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focuses on the study of optimal human functioning and the factors that allow individuals and communities to thrive
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psychoanalysis
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also called the psychodynamic perspective, it focuses on how behavior springs from unconscious drives & conflicts
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basic research
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pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base
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behavior genetics
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focuses on how much our genes & our environment influence individual differences
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structuralism
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theory that emphasizes analyzing components of conscious thought to determine its structure
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psychology
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the scientific study of the mind & behavior
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Sigmund Freud
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the founder of psychoanalysis
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Wilhelm Wundt
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founder of modern psychology, first psychology lab, "science of mental processes"
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Mary Whiton Calkins
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first female to complete the requirements for a Ph.D in psychology, first female APA president
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John B. Watson
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founder of behaviorism
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B.F. Skinner
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perhaps the most famous american psychologist; his brand of behaviorism focused on responses
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William James
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author of the first psychology textbook, functionalism
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G. Stanley Hall
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first american male to earn a Ph.D in psychology, opened first psychology lab in the US, first APA president
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Inez Beverly Prosser
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first african-american female to earn a Ph.D in psychology
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Jean Piaget
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developmental and cognitive psychologist
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Francis Cecil Sumner
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first African American male psychology Ph.D recipient
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Abraham Moscow
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humanistic psychologist
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Carl Rogers
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also humanistic psychologist
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structuralism
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an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the contents of the mind
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behavioral perspective
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the mechanisms by which observable responses are acquired and changed
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biological perspective
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how the body and mind create emotions, memories, and sensations
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clinical psychology
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the study, assessment, and treatment of troubled people
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cognitive neuroscience
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brain activity linked with perception, thinking, memory & language
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psychodynamic
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the disguised effects of unfulfilled wishes and childhood traumas
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functionalism
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an early school of psychology that focused on the adaptive value of thoughts and behaviors
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humanistic perspective
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the historically significant perspective that emphasized people's potential for growth
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psychiatry
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medical treatment of psychological disorders, also a physician.
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psychology
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a way of asking & answering questions
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false
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the primary research tool of the first psychologists was the experiment
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introspection
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self examination of mental processes
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Darwin's theory
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led directly to the development of the school of functionalism
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Edward Titchener
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a famous structuralism-ist
