Ap Psych Chapter 6 Test Questions – Flashcards
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conditioning
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Learning that involves stimulus-response connections, in which the response is conditional
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all of the above
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Classical conditioning is useful to animals and people because it helps them
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all of the above
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Classical conditioning can be applied to help overcome fears using the method of
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operant conditioning
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Learning that is strengthened when behavior is followed by positive reinforcement
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primary reinforcers
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Stimuli, such as food or warmth, that has reinforcement value without learning
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positive reinforcement
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An effective method for dealing with a miss-behaving elementary-school student is
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partial reinforcement
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A type of conditioned learning in which only some of the responses are reinforced
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shaping and chaining
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The processing of learning to ride a bike is an example of
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latent learning
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Learning that occurs but remains hidden until there is a need to use it
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is based on active learning
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The PQ4R method is an effective study method because it
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stimulus
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A feature in the environment that is detected by an organism or leads to a change in behavior
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classical conditioning
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Ian Pavlov's experiments with dogs yielded information about
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A CS is no longer followed by an US
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A conditioned response may be extinguished when
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Systematic desensitization
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A pleasant, relaxed state associated with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli
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positive reinforcers
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Process by which a stimulus increases the frequency of a behavior when they are p resented
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Reinforcement
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A timetable for when and how often reinforcement for a particular behavior occurs
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Variable-ratio schedule
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A slot machine provides reinforcement to players based on
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Programmed learning
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B.F. Skinner designed a device called a "teaching machine" for an educational method known as
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Observational learning
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Learning by seeing and imitating the behaviors of others
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generalization
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In John B. Watson and Rosalie's experiement "little Albert" began to fear all little white objects:
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classical conditioning
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Learning: one stimulus calls for the response that is usually called forth by another:
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taste aversion
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Previously desirable/neutral food comes to be perceived as repugnant (learned avoidance):
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flooding
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Involves exposing individual to a harmless stimulus until fear responses are extinguished:
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voluntary responses
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Through operant conditioning, people learn to control:
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secondary reinforces
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Stimuli that increase the probability of response because of their association with primary:
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all of the above
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Most psychologist suggest punishment is not the best way to deal with problem:
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at any time
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A variable ratio schedule provides reinforcements:
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chaining
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In operant conditioning, combining the steps of a sequence to progress toward final action:
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reinforcement is not always necessary in learning
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Psychologists E.C Tolman did experiments on rats:
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response
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an observable reaction to a stimulus from a person or animal
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as a result of pairing an unconditioned stimulus with a conditioned stimulus
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a conditioned response occurs
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when the conditioned stimulus starts again
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spontaneous recovery can occur
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counterconditioning
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a therapy procedure that replaces a negative response to a stimulus with a positive response
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operant conditioning
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primary and secondary reinforcers are important in
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negative reinforcers
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an unpleasant stimulus that increases the frequency of behavior when it is removed
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continuous reinforcement
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the reinforcement of a desired response every time the behavior occurs
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shaping
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reinforcement guides behavior towards closer approximations of the desired goal
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purposeful
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cognitive psychologists view learning as
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observational learning
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people who watch a lot of violence on television are more likely to be violent partly because of
