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Absolute location

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Exact location of a place on the earth described by global coordinates (example longitude and latitude.

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Cartography

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art of mapmaking

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circular pattern

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objects that circle another object; also known as centralized pattern.

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cultural landscape

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products of interactions between humans and their enviroments.

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Daylights Saving Time

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Established for workers to get another hour of light by pushing the clock one hour ahead in spring.

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Distortion

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Misrepresentation of the size or shape of a structure

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enviromental geography

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a field that centers on the intereactions of human and physical geography.

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Equator

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an immanginary line that lies exactly half-way between the North and South Poles

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Eratosthenes

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A Greek scholar that accurately calculated the circumference of the Earth.

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Formal Region

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is an area that has striking similarites in terms of one or a few physical and culture features. (Ex: State or a Provience)

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Functional Region

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Are organized around core, or nodes. Visually, the space can be seen as having interdependent parts that all operates together and connect, but with a center that directs that movements and characteristics of non-central parts; a region defined by the particular set of activities or intereactions that occur within it.

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GIS (geographic information system)

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is a computer system that stores, captures, analyzes, and display data.

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Globalization

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the expansion of economic, potitical and cultural activites to the point that they reach and have impact on many areas of the world.

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Greenwich Mean Time

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Standard time at the prime meridian

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GPS (global postitioning system)

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uses a series of staellites, tracking stations, and receivers to determine precise absolute locations on Earth

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Grid Pattern

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reflects a rectangular system of land survey adopted in huch of the country under the Ordinance of 1785 (Ex: the midsection of the US in a airplane.)

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Hecataeus

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lived in the late 6th and 5th centuries B.C.E, created a map that was accurate around Greece but other areas were much more vague.

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Human Geography

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focuses on people and the way they intereact with their natural enviroment.

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Idris

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An Arab geographer who worked for the King of Sicily to collect geographical information into a remarkabley accurate representation of the world.

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Kant, Immanuel

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German philosopher and geographer defined geography as the study of interrelated spatial patterns- the description and explanation of differences and similarities between one region and another.

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Landscapes

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the overall appearance of an area that is shpaed by both human and natural influences

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Latitude

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Distance north or south of the equator

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Linear pattern

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If the pattern is along striaght lines, like rivers, streets, or railroad tracks.

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local time

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The official time for a region, depending on where it is located.

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Location

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the position of something on Earth's surface.

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Longitude

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a numbering system that calculates distance east and west of the prime meridian

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Marsh, George Perkins

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American geographer that worte Man vs. Nature and had this famous message: "Conserve the Earth, or live to pay the siastrous consequences."

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Mercator projection

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Invented by Flemish cartograhper in 1569 for a specific purpose- navigating ships across the Alantic Ocean between Europe and the Americas. Mostly know by the huge distortion of Antartica and Greenland

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meridian

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is an arc drawn between the North and South Pole that measures longitude.

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multi-national corporations

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have centers of operation in many parts of the world. Examples would be Coca-Cola, Disney, and McDonald.

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parallel

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is a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and they measure latitude.

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pattern

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the arrangement of objects on earth's surface in relationship to one another.

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Perceptual region

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Also know as vernacular region. They are places that people believe to exist as a part of their cultural identity. They reflect feelings and images more than any objective reality, such as physical features. Example would be that despite Korea peninsula is divide into two formal regions, the poeple of the area have a long history as being called Koreans.

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periphery

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region's margins

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Peters Projection

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The main focus of the map was keeping the land masses equal in area and as a result in is resulted the shapes are distorted.

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place

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a specific point on earth with human and physical characteristics that distinquish if form other points.

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physical geography

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Focuses on the natural enviroment itself. Examples would be mountian that they would study.

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physical site characteristics

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They include climate, topography, soil, water sources, vegetation, and elevation.

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prime meridian

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is located at the observatory in Greenwich, England at 0 degrees.

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Ptomely

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A Greek scholar that recalculated the Earth's circumference of the earth to be much smaller and was wrong. Wrote the book Guide to Geography that include many rough maps of land masses and bodies of water. Also invented a global grid system that was a forerunner to our modern system of longitude and latitude.

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random pattern

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Only exists if no regular distribution can be seen.

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regionalization

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the organization of earth's surface into distinct areas that are viewed as differenct from other areas.

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Robinson projection

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Does not maintain accurate area, shape, distance, or direction, but it minimizes errors in each. Tries to correct distortion in the high noth and south latitudes by curving these areas inward on the papers. Curves the merideans to avoid extremes, but thereby strench the poles into long lines. Used in most classrooms.

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Sauer, Carl

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He argured that cultural landscapres should be the main focus of geographic study. His study is basic to enviromental geography.

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scale

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The between the size of an object or distance between object on a map and the size of the actual object or distance on Earth's surface.

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site

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The physical and human-transformed characteristics of a place.

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situation

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Relative location, spots relative to other human and physical features on the landscape.

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solar time

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Based on the postition of the sun in the sky as the day progresses.

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space

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The physical gap or distances between two objects.

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space-time compression

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To describe the changes that rapid connections among palces and regions have brought.

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Spatial organization

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The location of places, people,and events, and the connections among places and landscapes.

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Spatial perspective

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That they (geographers) notice patterns of both natural and human enviroments, distributions of people, and locations of all kinds of objects.

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Time Zone

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Is a region that has adopted the same standard time.

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topography

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The natural land surface.

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toponym

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Names that distinguish them from others.

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U.S. Cenus Bereau

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Every ten years since 1970, the U.S. governmetn has collected inofrmation about the country's inhabitants and compiled a census reports. One of the biggest employers of geographers in the U.S.

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"the why of where"

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Explanations for why a spatial patterns occurs.

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