AP Human Geography Unit 7 Vocab – Flashcards

Industries that supply to a wide variety of customers from a far-flung area.

Industries that supply to a small local customer base.

A theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.

A sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland.

A rural settlement in which the houses and farm buildings of each family are situated close to each other and fields surround the settlement.

Businesses that provide services primarily to individual consumers, including retail services and personal services.

A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages.

A community’s collection of basic and nonbasic industries industries.

A ranking of services based off of their thresholds and ranges; the ranking describes the size of settlement needed to support a service.

A remote and undeveloped area

The area surrounding a central place, from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services.

An open-air trading market that is set up once or twice a week.

The leading city of an area or region.

The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.

In a model urban hierarchy, the idea that the population of a city or town will be inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy.

A permanent collection of buildings and inhabitants.

The minimum number of people needed to support a service in an area; the higher it is, the fewer businesses providing that service will be supported.

An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.

The formal acquisition of new territory into a legal entity, usually a city or country.

A theory of American urbanization and development placing the united States’ development into five distinct epochs.

A site previously used for industrial purposes. It may be contaminated.

An area of a city where retail and office activities are clustered; downtown

A model of the internal structure of cities in which activities are spatially arranged in a series of rings.

The change in population density in an urban area from the center to the periphery.

A large node of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area.

A process of the change in the use of a house, from single-family owner occupancy to renting to abandonment.

An area characterized by a lack of affordable, fresh, and nutritious foods.

A suburb or small city that ‘orbits’ a bigger city.

The process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class owner-occupied area.

A ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area.

The CBD is dominant; it is divided into a market sector and a modern high-rise sector. The elite residential sector is on the extension of the CBD in the “spine”. The end of the spine of elite residency is the “mall” with high-priced residencies. Middle-income residencies surround the spine. Lower income residencies surround the CBD on all other sides. Squatter settlements surround the low-income residencies.

A large urban region formed as several urban areas spread and merge, such as Boswash, the region including Boston, New York, and Washington, D.C.

A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities; different kinds of nodes attract different kinds of businesses and residencies.

A model of North American urban areas consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road.

A form of housing tenure in which the property is owned by a government authority, which may be central or local.

A process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries, or to those who live within those areas.

The four consecutive 15 minute periods in the morning and evening with the heaviest volumes of traffic.

A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups and business activities are arranged around a series of sectors radiating out from the central business district (CBD).

An area within a city in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures.

Legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland.

A subsidiary urban area surrounding and connected to the central city. Many are exclusively residential; others have their own commercial centers or shopping malls.

Development of new housing sites at relatively low density and at locations that are not contiguous to the existing built-up area.

A social stratum consisting of impoverished persons with very low social status.

An area with high population density, such as a city or town

A program of land redevelopment in areas of moderate to high density urban land use.

Centers of economic, culture, and political activity that are strongly interconnected and, together, control the global systems of finance and commerce.

An area of mixed commercial and residential land uses surrounding the CBD.

The process of dividing an area into zones or sections reserved for different purposes such as residency, business, and manufacturing.