Ap Human Geography Unit 7 Questions And Answers – Flashcards
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Gateway City
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Cities that, because of their geographic location, act as ports of entry and distribution centers for large geographic areas.
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Shock City
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Urban place experiencing infrastructural challenges related to massive and rapid urbanization.
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Colonial City
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City established by colonizing empires as administrative centers. Often they were established on already existing native cities, completely overtaking their infrastructures.
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Central Place Theory
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A theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
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Range
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An area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"
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Threshold
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the starting point for a new state or experience
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Rank- size rule
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In a model urban hierarchy, the idea that the population of a city or town will be inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy.
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Primacy
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the state of being first in importance
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primate city
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The largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement.
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central city
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the urban area that is not suburban; generally, the older or original city that is surrounded by newer suburbs
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megacity
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City with more than 10 million people
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megalopolis
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an extensive concentration of urbanized settlement formed by a coalescence of several metropolitan areas. The term is commonly applied to the urbanized northeastern seaboard of the U.S. extending from Boston, MA to Washington, D.C.
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conurbation
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a continuous, extended urban area formed by the growing together of several formerly separate, expanding cities
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informal sector
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the portion of an economy largely outside government control in which employees work without contracts or benefits
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economic base
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A community's collection of basic industries.
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basic functions
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...
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nonbasic functions
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hinterland
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The market area surrounding an urban center, which that urban center serves.
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counterurbanization
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Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries.
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squatter settlements
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Residential developments characterized by extreme poverty that usually exist on land just outside of cities that is neither owned nor rented by its occupants.
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central business district
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The downtown or nucleus of a city where retail stores, offices, and cultural activities are concentrated; building densities are usually quite high; and transportation systems converge.
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zone in transition
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An area that is either becoming more rural or more urban
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edge city
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a large node of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area
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gentrification
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the restoration of run-down urban areas by the middle class (resulting in the displacement of lower-income people)
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ghetto
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a poor densely populated city district occupied by a minority ethnic group linked together by economic hardship and social restrictions
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concentric zone model
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A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings.
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multiple nuclei model
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A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities.
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sector model
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A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors, or wedges, radiating out from the central business district (CBD).
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peripheral model
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A model of North American urban areas consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road.
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urban heirarchy
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Ranking of clustered settlements based on their size
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metropolis
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people living in a large densely populated municipality
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zoning laws
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generally passed by municipal governments, that control the kind and amount of development in an area
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multiplier effect
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An effect in economics in which an increase in spending produces an increase in national income and consumption greater than the initial amount spent.
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greenbelts
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(in European cities) undeveloped area neighboring an urban area, often protected from development by planning law
